1. Which Statement Best Defines the Field of Psychology?

Final Exam Study Guide

1. Which statement best defines the field of psychology?

2. Which is the best definition of the term "basic research"?

3. Which is the best definition of the term "applied research"?

4. Something that is directly observable is:

5. While listening to a radio talk show, Janet heard a guest state that psychology wasn't a science. As a psychology student, which arguments might she make to best contradict this point of view?

6. Which early psychological perspective emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes?

7. Participants were asked to press a button as soon as they saw a light come on. Their reaction time was recorded. The second task required that they push the left-handed button if the light was green, the right-handed button if the light was red. The reaction time was again recorded. Which early researcher conducted this experiment and what did he believe he was measuring?

8. Which theory of personality was established by Sigmund Freud?

9. Behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner emphasized ______

10. Humanistic psychologists did not believe that humans could be reduced to various parts. Instead, they believed that the whole person is different from the sum of all the parts, like the brain, neurons, or emotions. Which early school of thought most influenced the humanists?

11. Jean Piaget found that children at a certain age consistently made mistakes on tests that older children did not make. He believed that younger children thought differently from older children. Since Piaget studied the thought processes of children, he best represents which modern perspective?

12. Which school of thought focuses on how we learn observable responses?

13. I believe that humans learn their behaviors through rewards, punishments, and by observing others. I am a:

14. I believe that humans have free will in their decision making, that conscious experience should be the focus of the psychological study, and that healthy people strive to reach their full potential. I am most likely a:

15. Chad signs up for a psychology class at his high school because he is most interested in investigating the unique ways different individuals think about and interpret life experiences. Which perspective will Chad most likely focus on in his psychology class?

16. Which perspective would emphasize that the differing political and economic systems of the United States and China lead citizens of these two countries to adopt different customs and attitudes?

17. Dr. Joe is treating a client with clinical depression. She believes that her client's depression may stem from illogical thought patterns and faulty interpretations of his life experiences. Dr. Joe is most likely a:

18. Dr. Joe's patient is hearing voices. She believes that the symptoms of schizophrenia stem from high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. Dr. Joe is most likely a:

19. Dr. Joe is treating an individual with an obsession for order and cleanliness. Dr. Joe believes this behavior stems from an unconscious conflict experienced in childhood. Which of the following psychological perspectives does Dr. Joe ascribe to?

20. Professor Joe believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the reproductive success of our female ancestors. This viewpoint best illustrates the ______perspective.

21.Psychologists define consciousness as:

22.When you first lose consciousness to sleep:

23.Biological rhythms are:

24.Circadian rhythm refers to:

25.Ultradian rhythms occur:

26.Infradian rhythm refers to:

27.A pseudoscientific claim is:

28.Frenchman Michel Siffre spent 2 months living in a cave with no exposure to outside light and no way to measure the time of day. Researchers studying his sleep patterns found that his “day” varied from 18 to 52 hours. What happened to him because he was not exposed to natural light.

29. Know the side effects of sleep deprivation

30.Most adolescents need about ______hours of sleep per night.

31.Which of the following monitors light levels in controlling your 24-hour sleep rhythm?

32.The area of the brain most responsible for sleep cycles is the:

33.Which of the following hormones helps regulate the sleep/wake cycle?

34.According to the protection theory of sleep, we sleep because:

35.The restorative theory of sleep explains that sleep:

36.Which sleep stage rarely lasts longer than 5 minutes and if the sleeper is awakened during this time will insist they had not been sleeping?

37.During which stage of sleep does the sleeper spend up to half of his or her total sleep time?

38.Which stage is characterized by slow-wave sleep with less than one cycle per second?

39.During which of the following sleep stages does the body rejuvenate itself?

40.You nod off during your Latin class. According to sleep theory, which stage of sleep are you in just after you fall asleep?

41.The brain waves you have during REM sleep are most similar to the ones you have when you are:

42.Joe is looking over an EEG tracing of a typical night's sleep. Which of the following patterns is he likely to notice?

43.REM is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because:

44.People will typically report that they are dreaming if they are awakened during which cycle?

45.The state of physiological or psychological need to take more of a drug after continued use is called:

46.Withdrawal occurs when:

47.A drug dependence becomes a drug addiction when:

48.Which of the following are the most commonly used psychoactive drugs?

49.What are Depressants?

50.What are the characteristics of alcohol?

51.How does alcohol affect men and women differently?

52.Alcohol tends to shut down areas of the brain responsible for:

53.What are Stimulants?

54.What are the characteristics of Nicotine?

55.What are the characteristics of Cocaine?

56.What are the characteristics of Hallucinogens?

57.An “acid trip” is most closely associated with which of the following psychoactive drugs?

58.Visual distortions, detachment from reality, and panic are most associated with:

59.With moderate use, which of the following hallucinogenic drugs cause permanent brain damage, loss of memory, and verbal skills?

70.The effects of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, include?

71.What are the characteristics of marijuana?

72.Which of the following anxiety disorders is marked by persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tension?

73.Which of the following disorders includes the symptoms of unwanted, repetitive thoughts or actions?

74.Which of the following anxiety disorders is marked by sudden bouts of intense, unexplained panic?

75.A(n) ______is characterized by disruptive, irrational fears of objects or situations.

76.When a person relives a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories and dreams, they might be diagnosed with:

77.A person's fear of situations that can be difficult to escape from is called:

78.Repetitive thoughts are called ______and repetitive acts are ______.

79.Which of the following is evidence of a possible biological cause of anxiety disorders?

80.John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning and fear with “Little Albert” is evidence supporting what kind of factor as a cause of anxiety disorders?

81.A person who alternates between hopelessness and an overexcited and unreasonably optimistic state might be most likely to be diagnosed with which disorder?

82.Which of the following is a symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

83.A person who goes for long periods without sleeping, experiences racing thoughts, and experiences periods of depression might be most likely to be diagnosed with which disorder?

84.Which of the following disorders has been associated with famous creative artists because of bursts of the creative energy associated with the disorder?

85.A person who is diagnosed with major depressive disorder must have at least five of the depressive symptoms, including at least one of which of the following symptoms?

86.A man with major depressive disorder gets dumped by his girlfriend. He thinks to himself, “I'm so ugly that it's no wonder no one likes me.” This statement demonstrates what kind of attributions?

87Which category of disorders involves a separated sense of self—separate from memories, thoughts, and feelings?

88.What is memory loss that occurs as a reaction to a traumatic event called?

89.Which disorder is an extended form of dissociative amnesia characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location?

90.A disorder in which an individual exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities is called what?