1. to Utilize Energy, an Animal Cell Must
Supplemental Instruction
Exam 2 Review
Kristin
3-5-13
1. To utilize energy, an animal cell must
a. immediately burn sugar
b. store it as fat
c. convert it to an intermediate
d. complete the electron transport chain
2. In adenosine triphosphate, energy is stored
a. in the adenine nucleotide base
b. the ribose sugar
c. the first phosphate group
d. the third phosphate group
3. After ATP is used by a cell it is
a. disposed of as waste
b. recycled
c. completelybroken down into individual atoms
d. excreted from the cell
4. When delta G is released by a chemical reaction (-), the overall process is labeled as
a. favorable
b. exergonic
c. spontaneous
d. all of the above
5. When products are at a higher energy state than reactants after a chemical reaction, the process is
a. favorable
b. endergonic
c. exergonic
d. a and c
6. Combining the favorable process of hydrogen moving down its concentration gradient across an electrochemical gradient and the nonspontaneous process of bonding a phosphate to an ADP is an example of
a. duplicating
b. coupling
c. catabolism
d. reductionism
7. When NAD+ is converted to NADH it is being
a. reduced
b. oxidized
c. metabolized
d. synthesized
8. Thermodynamics cannot tell you
a. the kinetics of a reaction
b. the favorability of a reaction
c. the rate of a reaction
d. the mechanism of a reaction
e. a and c
9. The effect of an enzyme on a chemical reaction
a. accelerates it
b. creates more product
c. creates an exergonic environment for the reaction to take place in
d. all of the above
10. The relation between Km (binding affinity of a substrate) and Vmax (maximum velocity of a rxn) can be summarized by which equation
a. Km=2*Vmax
b. Km=Vmax-2
c. Km =Vmax/2
d. Km =Vmax^2
11. A competitive inhibitor is designed to seek out which spot on an enzyme
a. active site
b. tertiary site
c. primary site
d. two of the above are correct
12. An example of anabolism is
a. digesting food in your stomach
b. bonding AA in protein synthesis
c. burning fat for energy
d. ATPADP+Pi
13. T/F In a reaction involving a competitive inhibitor, the reaction will reach the same amount of products as if it were uninhibited.
a. True
b. False
14. T/F Gylcolysis is an aerobic process.
a. True
b. False
15. According to endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the mitochondria would have resulted from
a. the outer cellular membrane of the ancestral aerobic prokaryotic symbiont
b. the inner membrane of the ancestral aerobic prokaryotic symbiont
c. the cellular membrane of the ancestral anaerobic host cell
d. it was created internally after formation
16. Products of glycolysis include
a. pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
b. fructosebiphosphate, NAD+, ATP
c. ATP, citric acid, phosphate intermediate
d. Carbon dioxide, ATP, pyruvate
17. Energy intermediates involved in cellular respiration include
a. NADH
b. ATP
c. FADH2
d. IDGAF
e. a,b,c
18. In the final step of cellular respiration, on the mitochondrial membrane, NADH does what
a. accepts electrons
b. donates electrons
c. attractsH+ions moving them across the membrane
d. acts as the final electron acceptor
e. two of the above
19. Chlorophyll absorbs which lengths of light
a. blue
b. green
c. red
d. a and c
e. all of the above
20. In the Hershey chase experiment, which was found to have entered into the E. Coli cell? Did this prove beyond a reasonable doubt the genetic material?
a. Protein, yes.
b. Deoxyribonucleic acid, yes.
c. Deoxyribonucleic acid no.
d. Protein, no.
e. Guanine triphosphate, yes.
21. X-ray diffraction of a DNA fiber was used to determine the
a. double helical shape and uniform diameter
b. the antiparallel pattern and length
c. the model of transcription
d. the method of bacterial transformation
22. Chargaff’s rule states that
a. the DNA replication is semi-conservative
b. the sugar phosphate backbone is positively charged
c. the ratio of purines: pyrimidines is 50:50
d. ratio of A:C equals that of G:T
23. During replication which property of deoxyribonucleic acid leads to the problem of a leading and lagging strand?
a. sugar phosphate backbone
b. complementary nucleotide bases
c. antiparallelnature of each side of the strand
d. all of the above
24. Transcribe the RNA complement of the following DNA sequence
5’-ATGAGCGACCTT-3’
a. 5’- TACTCGCTGGAA-3’
b. 5’-UACUCGCUGGAA-3’
c. 5’-AAGGTCGCTCAT-3’
d. 5’- AAGGUCGCUCAU-3’
25. The hydrogen bonds between guaning and cytosine are (stronger or weaker) than hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine.
26. Centrifugation separates materials by ______and was used to determine that DNA was ______.
a. size, conservative
b. weight, dispersive
c. density, conservative
d. density, semi-conservative
e. size, semi-conservative
27. During DNA replication daughter strands can only be synthesized from (5’ 3’ or 3’ 5’)?
28. The enzyme DNA primase makes what in the replication process a
a. DNA primer
b. RNA primer
c. DNA 5’ cap
d. RNA 5’ cap
29. In the model shown via media in lecture, what is unique about the replication process?
a. DNA Ligase synthesized the lagging strand in the same direction as the leading strand.
b. DNA helicase created two replication forks on opposite sides of the replication bubble
c. There was no polymerase chain reaction
d. The DNA polymerase III on the leading strand and the DNA pol. III on the lagging strand were linked, creating a loop.
e. There was nothing unique about it, just replication as usual.
30. Which of the following enzyme/function pairs is incorrectly matched.
a. Ligase- bonds okazaki fragments
b. DNA Pol. I- Removes and replaces primers
c. Topoisomerase- releaves helical strain in the replication bubble.
d. SS binding proteins- prevent hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on separated strands from reforming.
e. Telomerase- solves the 3’ overhang, end of replication issue
31. Diagram the central dogma.
32. Operons control gene expression at which step in protein synthesis?
a. protein folding
b. translation
c. helix separation
d. transcription
e. none of the above.
33. Place the following in the correct order that they would appear on the Lac Operon.
1. Termination sequence
2. LacI gene
3. CAP binding site
4. Intron 2
5. Promoter
6. i promoter
7. Operator
8. Lac Z gene
9. Lac X gene
10. Intron 1
11. Lac Y gene
12. Start site
a. 3, 5, 2, 6, 8, 7, 12, 9, 1, 4, 11, 10
b. 2, 3, 7, 1, 12, 9, 10, 4, 6, 5, 8, 11
c. 6, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 9, 10, 11, 4, 8, 1
d. 6, 2, 5, 12, 9, 11, 4, 7, 8, 3, 10, 1
34. mRNA processing is unique to eukaryotes and involves which of the following.
a. 5’ ap
b. Poly-A tail on the 3’ end
c. splicing
d. transcripion level gene control
35. The presence of Lactose sugar (induces, depresses) the Lac operon, while glucose (induces, depresses) the Lac operon.
36. Allolactose is a small molecule created from______, and has what effect on the Lac operon.
a. glucose, inducing
b. fructose, repressing
c. cAMP, repressing
d. lactose, inducing
37. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small molecule derived from ______and has a ______effect on the Lac operon.
a. Lactose, represses
b. Glucose, represses
c. Deoxyribonucleic acid, induces
d. Adenosine triphosphate, induces
e. both a and c depending on the situation
38. An example of post-transcriptional gene regulation is
a. alternative splicing
b. cellular mRNA storage
c. programmed protein lysis
d. termination inducers/repressors