Unit I (Foundations) Vocabulary

Unit I (Foundations) Vocabulary

Before History

complex society / Lucy
Paleolithic / Neolithic
Venus figurines / Lascaux cave paintings
metallurgy / textile
social class, social structures / Neolithic “revolution” versus “agricultural transition”
Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations
The Epic of Gilgamesh / Semitic
irrigation / city-state
kingdom, regional kingdom / empire
Sargon of Akkad / Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws / Indo-Europeans
stele / Hittites
Assyrians / HangingGardens of Babylon
economic specialization / bronze and iron metallurgy
stratified patriarchal society / pastoral nomads
elite, commoner, dependant, slave / Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
cuneiform / Abraham
Moses / monotheism
polytheism / Phoenicians
cross-cultural interaction and exchange

Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

mummification / savannah
demographic pressures / Menes
pharaoh / mercenary
scribe / cataracts
hieroglyphics / Rosetta stone
pyramids

Early Societies in South Asia

Aryans / Harappans
semi-precious stones / sewage systems
ecological degradation / Vedas, Rig Veda, Vedic Age
republic / administrators
varna / caste
jati / brahmins
social mobility / sati (suttee)
ritual sacrifices / Dravidians
Upanishads / Brahman
samsara / karma
moksha / ascetic, asceticism

Early Society in East Asia

staple foods (rice, millet, wheat, barley) / dynasty
Xia / loess
“China’s sorrow” / hereditary state
Shang / Zhou
“mandate of heaven” / decentralized administration
royal court / artisans
cowrie shells / ancestor veneration
extended family / oracle bones
consort / steppe nomads

Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania

obsidian / maize
Bering land bridge / ceremonial centers
authoritarian society / agricultural terraces
bloodletting rituals / Andean highlands, lowlands, valleys
Austronesian peoples / double-hulled canoes
Olmec ball games

The Unification of China

Sian Qian / castration
eunuchs / Period of the Warring States
Kong Fuzi / Analects
ren, li, xiao / Laozi
Dao, Daoism / Legalism
Qin Shi Huangdi / Great Wall
Chinese script / conscription
Liu Bang / Chang’an
Han Wudi / Vietnam
Korea / Xiongnu
Bactria / tribute
hegemony / silk
Yellow Turban Uprising
From Chapter 12
Han Wudi / Bactria
Chang’an / TaklamakanDesert
Kashgar / South China Sea
Guangzhou / missionaries
epidemics / Merv
Bukhara / Samarkand
Khotan / Dunhuang
Kuqa / expatriate merchants
Java / Sumatra

State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India

Hindu KushMountains / Punjab
political vacuum / Chandragupta Maurya
IndusRiver / GangesRiver
Ashoka Maurya / Patiliputra
Bactria / Kushan empire
tributary alliances / White Huns
monsoons / Indonesia
southeast Asia / caste system
varna / jati
Brahmin / Jainism
Siddhartha Gautama / Buddha
Four Noble Truths / Noble Eightfold Path
dharma / stupas
patronage / Ceylon
boddhisatva / “Arabic” numerals

Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

Homer / The Iliad and The Odyssey
Mycenaeans / Trojan War
King Minos and Minoans / Minoan Linear A and B
polis / helot
Pericles / Alexander the Great
Antigonius / Ptolemy
Seleucus / Olympic Games
Socrates / Aristotle
Plato / tyrant
Spartan / Solon
Persian Wars / Darius, Xerxes
Peloponnesian War / Alexander of Macedon
Hellenistic empires / Sappho
Stoics

Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase

Paul of Tarsus / Republic
Po River / TiberRiver
senate / consuls
patricians / plebeians
tribunes / dictator
Gaul / Celtics
Carthage / Punic Wars
latifundium/-ia / Julius Caesar
Octavian Augustus / Marc Antony
Cleopatra / pax romana
mare nostrum / Colosseum
pater familias / bread and circuses
From Chapter 12
Jesus of Nazareth
Diocletian / Constantine
Constantinople / Visigoths
western and eastern Roman empires / Huns
Attila / 476 C.E.
St. Augustine (Ch 12) / Bishop of Rome (Ch 12)

Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Roads

Han Wudi / Bactria
monsoon winds / Chang’an
Kush / Hindu KushMountains.
Himalaya Mountains / Madagascar
TaklamakanDesert / Kashgar
Taxila / Caspian Sea
Persian Gulf / Palmyra
Arabia / Antioch
Tyre / Arabian Sea
Red Sea / Damascus
South China Sea / Guangzhou
Ceylon / Pondicherry
missionaries / epidemics
Merv / Bukhara
Samarkand / Khotan
Dunhuang / Parthia
expatriate merchants / Java
Sumatra / Nestorians
Manicheaism / syncretic/syncretism
bubonic plague / smallpox
Diocletian / Constantine
Constantinople / Visigoths
Huns / Attila
Bishop of Rome / western and eastern Roman empires
476 C.E. / St. Augustine
From Chapters 16 and 19
Ghana / Java
Korea / Japan
Cairo / Timbuktu
Niger River / Senegal River
Sofala, Kilwa, Malindi, Axum, Mogadishu / SaharaDesert