Unit 1, Chapter 2 Study Guide

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Social Studies

Unit 1, Chapter 2 Study Guide

LESSON 1:

Describe these 2 theories that explain how people first got to the Americas:

• The Land Bridge Theory: This theory is that there was once a

“bridge” of land between Asia and North America during the Ice Ages. This theory is said to have taken place during the ice ages. They called the bridge Beringia.

• Native American Origin Stories: Native American groups have all used stories to tell about their past or how the world was made. These stories are about their origins, or beginnings. Many Native Americans believe their people have always lived in the Americas.

How did farming change life for people?

• Allowed people to settle in one place, grew more food, and increased their numbers

LESSON 2:

What important resource did the people of the Eastern Woodland tribes rely on? How did they use it?

• The resource they used was trees.
• They used trees to make canoes and shelter, and they carved tools and weapons from wood.
• Trees also gave the people food, such as cherries and plums.

What are beads cut from seashells that were used for trading among tribes called?

• They were called wampum.

The Iroquois people were farmers. What three crops did they call “The 3 Sisters”?

• These crops were called the three sisters because all three were planted in the same field

1) corn

2) beans

3) squash

What was the Iroquois League?

• The league acted as a confederation, a loose group of governments working together.
• They were formed to settle disputes among the people peacefully.

What type of shelter did the Iroquois live in?

• The Iroquois lived in houses called “longhouses.”

LESSON 3:

What resource did the people of the Plains use? How did they use every part of its body?

• The people of the Plains used buffalo as a resource and nothing was wasted. They used almost every part of the buffalo.
• Clothing and moccasins were made from the skin.
• They carried water in bags made from their stomachs.
• They twisted the hair into cords.
• They made tools from the bones and horns.
• The hooves were used to make glue.

LESSON 4:

The Pueblo people of the Southwest include which two Native American groups?

• The Hopi lived in what is now present day Arizona.
• The Zuni lived in what is now present day New Mexico.

In what area of the Southwest did the Navajo people settle?

• The Navajo people settled in the Four Corners area.

What type of housing did the Pueblo and Navajo people live in?

• Some groups made adobes which is a type of house made from sun-dried bricks made of clay and straw.
• The Hopi and Zuni used stones and mud to build pueblos.
• The Navajo built homes called hogans, which are cone shaped shelters built by covering a wooden frame with mud or adobe. The hogans were built miles apart.
• They often lived in pueblos built on mesas or on the sides of steep canyons.

Which three Native American groups settled in the West?

1) Nez Perce: Lived in the northwest on the Columbia Plateau.

2) Shoshone: Lived part of the year in the Great Basin

3) Chumash: Lived in what is now Southern California.

LESSON 5

How did the people of the Artic adapt their shelters to their environment?

• People caught seals not only for their meat but also for their skins, which were made into clothes and tents.
• Oil was used to light and heat houses.
• Some lived in houses called igloos made of ice, some lived in houses with beams made of whalebones and walls made of sod, some lived in tents made of animal skins, or in sod houses.

How did the people of the Northwest and the Arctic use the ocean as a resource? Think mainly about food and transportation.

• The ocean was used for travel, trade, and hunting.

What is a potlatch?

• A potlatch was meant to show wealth and divide property among the people. Potlatch means “to give.”
• Historians think that the Kwakiul, who lived along the coast of what is now Canada, helped develop the potlatch custom. It was a celebration, with dancing, food, and speeches.