Name:______Date: ______Period:______
Understanding Evolution: Homology and Analogy
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_hs_01
1. In the image, circle the pair that represents a homology & put a square around the image that represents an analogy.
2. Define homology: Similarities inherited from a common ancestor
3. Circle one of the common ancestors of individuals III 2 and III 5
4. Define analogy: Similarities inherited independently
5. What is a tetrapod? An animal with 4 legs
6. What are the six bones found in all tetrapod legs? Students should be encouraged to feel their own arms for these bones
Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, carpals, and phalanges
7. Identify these limbs (to what animal do they belong)?
A. Human
B. Bird
C. Whale
D. Lizard
8. What did the common ancestor of all modern tetrapods look like? The first tetrapod, had limbs with one long bone (the humerus) attached to two other long bones (the radius and ulna
a. How long ago was it on Earth? 350 million year ago
Side Trip: "not just anatomy."
9. How are a bird and a crocodile homologous? Birds and crocodiles both provide parental care to their offspring
a. What type of evidence is this? behavioral Point out to students that traits or characteristics don’t always have to be physical they can be.
10. Describe how two unrelated flowers could evolve to have a similar appearance? 2 species of flowers face a
similar problem or challenge, birds helps spread the pollen but the birds prefers long red flowers. The 2 flowers
species’ shapes and colors may evolve in ways that make them more attractive to the bird.
11. Are similarities between sharks and dolphins homologous or analogous?
12. What is morphology? The study of the form and structure of organisms
13. List three criteria that are used to determine whether something is a homology or analogy and what kind of evidence it is,
a. Same basic structure – anatomy/anatomical
b. Same relationship to other features – anatomy/anatomical
c. Same development – embryology/embryological
14. Fill in the blanks of the primate tree.
15. Considering all of the evidence, are the "wings" (actually flaps of skin stretched between the legs) of sugar
gliders and flying squirrels homologous or analogous structures?
a. List two pieces of evidence that support your answer. Underline the one that is anatomical evidence.
Sugar gliders live in Australia, and flying squirrels live in North America
Sugar gliders have a pouch, Flying squirrels have no pouch.
16. What other type of evidence do Biologist look at when trying to determine relationships between different
species. Genetic/biolchemistry
Side Trip: See more examples of homology and examples of analogy.
17. How are a Venus fly trap and a pitcher plant homologous? Use leaves to trap insects
a. What type of evidence is this? behavioral
18. Biologists link the various species of the bowerbird to a common ancestor with what kind of evidence? Behavioral
19. Give an example of genetic evidence that links insects, humans and birds to a common ancestor. The pax-6 gene that codes for eyes is the same in all
20. The evidence linking lizards and modern mammals to a common ancestor is genetic, behavioral or embryological?
21. What mechanism independently adapted Sugar gliders and flying squirrels for similar lifestyles: leaping from treetops (hence, the gliding "wings") and foraging at night (hence, the big eyes). Natural Selection
Understanding Evolution: Homology and Analogy
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_hs_01
1. In the image, circle the pair that represents a homology & put a square around the image that represents an analogy.
2. Define homology:
3. Circle one of the common ancestors of individuals III 2 and III 5
4. Define analogy:
5. What is a tetrapod?
6. What are the six bones found in all tetrapod legs?
7. Identify these limbs (to what animal do they belong)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. What did the common ancestor of all modern tetrapods look like?
a. How long ago was it on Earth?
Homologies are Everywhere Page
Take a side trip: "not just anatomy" to answer question 9 only. Look over to the right and click on link.
9. How are a bird and a crocodile homologous?
a. What type of evidence is this?
Click three times to the page titled How do Analogies Evolve Page – Watch Humming Bird Video
10. Describe how two unrelated flowers could evolve to have a similar appearance?
11. Are similarities between sharks and dolphins homologous or analogous?
12. What is morphology? Use the search bar to find the definition.
Please use the search bar to type in the phrase “criteria of homology” Click first link.
13. List three criteria that are used to determine whether something is a homology or analogy and what kind of evidence it is,
a.
b.
c.
Use search bar to type in the phrase “thumb in primates”. Click first link.
14. Fill in the blanks of the primate tree.
15. Considering all of the evidence, are the "wings" (actually flaps of skin stretched between the legs) of sugar gliders and flying squirrels homologous or analogous structures?
Use search bar type in “Sugar Glider”. Click first link.
a. List two pieces of evidence that support your answer. Underline the one that is anatomical evidence.
16. What other type of evidence do Biologist look at when trying to determine relationships between different species.
Use search bar type in Venus Fly Trap- Click first link.
From here use the next button to answer questions 18 and 19.
17. How are a Venus fly trap and a pitcher plant homologous?
a. What type of evidence is this?
18. Biologists link the various species of the bowerbird to a common ancestor with what kind of evidence?
19. Give an example of genetic evidence that links insects, humans and birds to a common ancestor.
20. The evidence linking lizards and modern mammals to a common ancestor is genetic, behavioral or embryological?
21. What mechanism independently adapted Sugar gliders and flying squirrels for similar lifestyles: leaping from treetops (hence, the gliding "wings") and foraging at night (hence, the big eyes).