Study Guide-Terms/Vocabulary

Study Guide-Terms/Vocabulary

1

PSYC LEOCT

Review Guide

Name______

Psychology

Study guide-Terms/vocabulary

9 week LEOCT exam is 15% of your grade

Define Psychology…

Identify Famous Theorist: Freud, Wundt, Watson, Skinner, Harlow, Milgram, May, Rogers, Pavlov, Erikson, Piaget, Galton, Bandura, Maslow.

Chap. 1- Approaches to Psychology

  1. Founder of Psychology?
  2. Why study Psychology?
  3. A Brief History of Psychology
  4. Psychology as a profession
  5. Theory
  6. Basic/applied science
  7. Scientific Method
  8. Structuralist/functionalist
  9. Introspection
  10. Psychoanalyst
  11. behaviorist
  12. humanist
  13. psychiatry
  14. clinical psychologist

Chap. 2 Psychological Research Methods and Statistics

  1. What is Research?
  2. Problems and Solutions in Research
  3. Statistical Evaluation
  4. APA
  5. Ethics/Little Albert study

Chap. 3 Infancy and Childhood

  1. Lawrence Kohlberg identified six stages of…..
  2. Physical, Perceptual, and Language Development
  3. Cognitive and Emotional Development
  4. Parenting Styles and social development
  5. Child Abuse
  6. schema

Chap. 4 Adolescence

  1. Physical/sexual development
  2. Personal Development
  3. Social Development
  4. Kohlberg
  5. Piaget
  6. Erikson
  7. Object permanence
  8. Gender Roles and differences

Chap. 5. Adulthood and Old Age

  1. Adulthood
  2. Old Age/Ageism
  3. Hospice
  4. Dying and Death
  5. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages/theory – thanatology

Chap. 6. Body and Behavior

  1. The Nervous System: The Basic structure
  2. Studying the Brain- left/Right hemispheres
  3. The Endocrine System
  4. Heredity and Environment
  5. Phineas Gage

Chap. 7 Altered States of Consciousness

  1. Sleep and dreams
  2. consciousness
  3. Hypnosis- mesmer
  4. Biofeedback
  5. Meditation
  6. Drugs and Consciousness

Chap. 8 Sensation & Perception

  1. Sensation
  2. The Senses
  3. Perception
  4. Illusions

Chap. 9 Learning Principles and Applications

  1. Classical Conditioning (Pavlov – what type of stimulus was the tuning fork?
  2. Operant Conditioning
  3. Social Learning
  4. Modeling
  5. Little Albert

Chap. 10 Memory and Thought

  1. Metacognition
  2. learned helplessness
  3. learning
  4. Taking and storing information
  5. Chunking
  6. Retrieving Information
  7. Short term/Long term memory
  8. Encoding
  9. Episodic memory
  10. Declarative memory
  11. Procedural memory
  12. Confabulation
  13. Eidetic memory
  14. Decay
  15. Mnemonic devices
  16. Elizabeth Loftus

Chap. 11 thinking and language

  1. Thinking and problem solving
  2. Language
  3. Noam Chomsky

Chap. 12 Motivation and Emotion

  1. Theories of Motivation
  2. Biological and Social Motives
  3. Emotions
  4. polygraph

Chap. 13. Psychological Testing

  1. Intelligence Testing
  2. achievement
  3. intelligence
  4. aptitude
  5. Stanford-Binet
  6. Bell-curve
  7. Aptitude Test
  8. Measuring achievement, abilities and interests
  9. Personality testing
  10. Validity
  11. Percentile
  12. Multiple Intelligence
  13. Howard Gardner
  14. Wechsler

Chap. 14. Theories of Personality

  1. Birth order
  2. Purposes of Personality Theories
  3. Psychoanalytic Theories
  4. Learning Theories
  5. Humanistic and Cognitive theories
  6. Abraham Maslow- Hierarchy
  7. Rogers- Self - "self is essentially your image of who you are and what you value-in yourself, in other people, in life in general."
  8. Freud-Id, Ego, Superego
  9. Trait Theories
  10. Type A, B, C
  11. Nature/nurture

Chap. 15 Stress and Health

  1. Sources of Stress
  2. Reactions to Stress
  3. Coping with Stress
  4. Stress in Your Life
  5. approach-approach
  6. avoidance-avoidance
  7. approach-avoidance
  8. double approach-avoidance

Chap. 16. Psychological Disorders

  1. What are Psychological Disorders?
  2. Anxiety Disorders
  3. Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
  4. Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
  5. Personality Disorders and Drug Addition
  6. Multiple Personality
  7. Hypochondriasis
  8. Phobic Disorders
  9. amnesia

Chap. 17 Therapy and Change

  1. What is Psychotherapy?
  2. Psychoanalysis and Humanistic Therapy
  3. Cognitive and Behavior Therapies
  4. Biological Approaches to Treatment
  5. Dream analysis
  6. Free association
  7. Psychoanalysis

Chap. 18 Individual Interaction

  1. Interpersonal Attraction
  2. Social Perception
  3. Personal Relationships

Chap. 19 Group Interaction

  1. Group Behavior
  2. Conformity and Obedience
  3. Milgram Experiment
  4. Conflict and Cooperation
  5. Brainwashing

Chap. 20 Attitudes and Social Influence

  1. Attitude Formation
  2. Attitude Change and Prejudice
  3. Persuasion
  4. Subliminal advertising

Chap. 21 Psychology: Present & Future

  1. Careers in Psychology
  2. Psychology’s Contributions

Answer the following questions:

1. Psychologist who investigate observable behavior are known as ______.

2. ______is the scientific study of the mental processes and behavior of organism.

3. ______psychology is the study of the changes that occur as people grow up and grow older.

4. Elizabeth Kuble-Ross did some pioneer work in the study of terminally ill and how they react to their impending death (her work contributed to the new field-the study of death and dying)

5. Established psychology as a separate field of study in 1879.

6. Psychologist have learned so much about brain injury and structures by the classic case of ______.

7. The Psychologist that was interested in the unconscious mind.

8. Psychologist who developed a theory concerning motivation and emotion (hierarchy of needs)

9. At the beginning of Pavlov's experiment, the tuning fork was the ______.

10. Dr. Maslow believed that most people were constantly striving to fulfill these needs but rarely archived this goal ______.

11. Famous humanist psychologists ______.

12. Theorist who's research revealed the following statement: "self is essentially your image of who you are and what you value-in yourself, in other people, in life in general."

13. ______test attempt to discover a person's talents/to predict how well he or she will be able to learn a new skill.

14. Lawrence Kohlberg identified six stages of ______.

15. What psychologist is famous for his contribution to the field of child developmental research?

16. What type of research involves the most intensive amount of investigation?

17. ______is a form of altered consciousness in which people become highly suggestible and do not use their critical thinking skills.

18. The organization of sensory information into meaningful stimuli is known as ______.

19. The ______study led to questions related to research ethics in which the toddler was conditioned to be afraid of objects with white fur and the researchers did not attempt to extinguish the conditioned fears.

20. The monkeys in Harlow's study spent most of their time…

21. Preference test review personality traits to reveal which part of the brain that ones personality reflects most. (logical, critical thinking is associated with-______brained people)

22. Creative thinking, intuitive thinking and the use of metaphors most likely describes people who are ______brained people.

23. In nature-nurture question, nature refers to ...

24. The ______is a chemical communication system, which uses hormones to send messages throughout the blood stream.

25. Dr. Julian Rotter wrote about our Locus of control which refers to ______.

26. Much can be learned about Nature v. Nurture by studying the behavior of .....

27. In Freud's theory known as the structural concepts of the mind, the ______is the reservoir or container of the instinctual/biological urges.

28. Suppose you thought of stealing food from someone else. According to Freud, the part of the personality that would stop you is called the ______.

29. Theorist Carl Jung studied personality and labeled ______as people who display the following traits - sociable, outgoing, active, lively people.

30. ______is all of the consistent, stable, enduring, and unique ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others.

31. ______is perceiving items as a unit.

32. Techniques used by psychologist studying the unconscious mind.

33. Metacognition is a strategy in which you think about ______.

34. Individuals who believe that no matter what they do their actions make no difference are exhibiting ______.

35. A permanent change in behavior that results from experience is called ______.

36. This type of learning occurs when associations are made between related and nonrelated stimulus and reactions.

37. We store information for future use in ______memory.

38. Remembering events that did not happen

39. A loss of memory that occurs after a blow to the head or as a result of brain damage is referred to as ______.

40. HOMES, an acronym for the five Great Lakes, is an example of ______.

41. This is conceptual framework used to make sense of the world.

42. A condition in which one may be a genius in one area but unable to function in everyday society.

43. This is a state of awareness, including a person's feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions.

44. Stanley Milgram's experiment on ______is a classic in which psychologist want to learn more about social conditioning.

45. In an ______conflict the individual must choose between two attractive alternatives. Example:. "a high school senior has been accepted at two excellent colleges and he or she must decide which one to attend.

46. The story "A Beautiful Mind" explored the disorder of ______, which is characterized, by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.

47. ______is when a person who is in good health becomes preoccupied with imaginary ailments.

48. ______infers to any treatment used by psychiatrist, social workers, or psychologists to help troubled individuals overcome their problems. This therapy's goal is to break behavior patterns that lead to unhappiness.

Time Management- complete 10-15 terms per night to be prepared for your 9 week examine (read notes/study, study, study…)

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