Name: ______Block: ______

Structure and Transformation of Matter Review Sheet

Properties of Matter & Changes:

  1. Physical properties: properties that can observed _without chemically changing the substanceExamples:_color, density, melting point, etc._____
  2. Physical change: A change to a substance that does not change the chemical identity (can be reversed)
  3. Chemical properties: _Can only be observed by chemically changing the substance and creating a new substance___Examples:_flammability, reacting, etc______
  4. Chemical change: A change to a substance that changes its chemical identity and creates a new substance

Periodic Table of Elements:

  1. Arranged in order by _atomic number
  2. Columns have similar _properties (ex: elements in Group 1 all very reactive)
  • 11 is the atomic number
  • 23.0 is the atomic mass
  • The chemical symbol is Na
  • The chemical name is Sodium
  1. All living things are made up mostly of these 4 elements: C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen)

Element, Compound or Mixture:

__Element___: pure substance made up of one kind of atom; found on periodic table.

__Compound_: Made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

___Mixture___ : Two or elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.

Write E, C or M if it is an element, compound or mixture:

H2O - CTrail Mix - MSalt water - MHe - ECopper - E

Hydrogen - ENaOH - COil & water - MKool Aid - MHCl - C

Carbon -EHg - ESugar water - MAluminum - ENaCl - C

Chemical Reactions:

Chemical reactions involve two main kinds of change:

  1. Formation of a newsubstance

Examples:

  1. Gas bubbles when sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are combined
  2. Solid formed when two liquids (copper sulfate solution and sodium carbonate solution) are combined. This is called a _precipitate
  1. Changes in __energy_

Example:

  1. Heating/burning sugar over a candle flame
  2. __Endothermic_ heat is taken in (like the sugar/candle)
  3. __Exothermic_ heat is given off (like the fireworks)

The rate (speed) of a chemical reaction can be affected four factors:

  1. Increasing __temperature__ will increase the rate of the reaction because the particles are moving faster.
  2. Increasing _surfacearea___ will increase the rate of the reaction because more “edges” are interacting and therefore reacting.
  3. Increasing the _concentration_ will increase the rate of the reaction because there are more particles in the same amount of space.
  4. Using a __catalyst_will increase the rate of the reaction, even though it is not actually part of the reaction.

Chemical Equations:

What is a chemical equation? _A short way to show what happens in a chemical reaction

_Reactants_: are the substances that react in a chemical reaction

_Products_ : are the substance produced in a chemical reaction

C + O2 → CO2 CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + H2O

Which numbers are coefficients? Which numbers are coefficients?

Big #’s in front (1’s in this case)1’s and 2

Which numbers are subscripts? Which numbers are subscripts?

Little #’s below (2’s in this case)4, 2, 2, 2

Is this equation balanced? yesIs this equation balanced?No

Balance and rewrite the equation. Balance and rewrite the equation.

CH4 + 2O2→ CO2 + 2H2O