Station 1.Analyzethe nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.

  1. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane,in maintaininghomeostasis and cell reproduction.

Task:

Organelle / Function
Golgi / Package a ship proteins
Ribosome / Makes proteins
Nucleus / Stores the DNA
Lysosome / Contains digestive enzymes
Chloroplast / Site of photosynthesis
Mitochondria / ATP production
Centroles / Aids in Cell division

Station 2.Analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.

  1. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.

Station 3.Analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.

  1. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
  2. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).

Task:

Elements? / Major functions / Monomer / Examples
Carbohydrates / CHO / Energy NOW, structure / Sugars / - glucose, sucrose, cellulose, chitin
Lipids / CHO / Energy Storage, membranes / Fatty Acids / - phospholipids, fats, oils, waxes
Proteins / CHONS / Enzymes, hair nails, muscles / Amino Acids / -Enzymes, hair nails, muscles
Nucleic Acids / PCHONS / Store Genetic Information / Nucleotide / -DNA and RNA
Mitosis / Meiosis
Types of cells made / Somatic / Gamete
Number of divisions / 1 / 2
What happens to the # of chromosomes? / Stays the same / Cut in ½

Station 4.Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

  1. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
  2. Explain the role of DNA instoring and transmitting cellular information.

DNA / RNA
# of strands / 2 / 1
Monomers / Nucleotide / Nucleotide
Major function / Storage of genetic info / Transfer of genetic info.
Involved in what processes? / Replication, Protein Synthesis / Protein synthesis
4 Bases / ATGC / AUGC
Location in cell / Nucleus / Nucleus & Cytoplasm
Sugar / Deoxyribsose / Ribsose
What it stands for / Deoxyribsose Nucleic Acid / Ribonucleic acid

Task:

Transcription / Translation
What happens? /
  • An mRNA “backwards” copy of a gene (section of DNA) is made in the nucleus.
/
  • The mRNA copy goes to the ribosome where it is read and turned into a protein ( made of amino acids).

Where does it take place? / nucleus / cytoplasm

Station 5.Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

  1. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.

Station 6.Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

  1. UsingMendel’s laws, explainthe role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
  1. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations.
Sexual reproduction / Asexual reproduction
# of parents / 2 / 1
Genetics different or same? / Different / Same
Types / Bacteria & Protista:
Conjugation / Bacteria & Fungi:
Binary fission, budding, fragmentation
Advantages / New combinations of genes. / Don’t need another organism. Reproduce rapidly.
Disadvantages / Need another partner. Can be slow. / No new combinations.

Station 7.Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

  1. Describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including

- Alterations during replication –Insertions –Deletions -Substitutions

  • Mutagenic factors that can alter DNA.
  • High energy radiation (x-rays and ultraviolet) and Chemical
  1. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.

Give examples of how DNA technology can be used in the following areas.
Forensics / DNA fingerprinting
Medicine / Gene splicing, insulin
Agriculture / Crop nutrition, pesticide resistance

Explain the symptoms of each:

Station 8.Derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

a.Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.

Station 9.Derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

b.Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals).

c.Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

Archaebacteria / Eubacteria / Protista / Fungi / Plant / Animals
Domain / Archae / Bacteria / Eukarya / Eukarya / Eukarya / Eukarya
Prokaryotic or eukaryotic / Prokaryotic / Prokaryotic / eukaryotic / eukaryotic / eukaryotic / eukaryotic
Single or multicellular / Single / Single / Single / Single or
Multi / Multi Only / Multi Only
Heterotrophic or Autotrophic / Heterotrophic
or Autotrophic / Heterotrophic
or Autotrophic / Heterotrophic
or Autotrophic / Heterotrophic / Autotrophic / Heterotrophic
Cell wall??
(If so, composition?) / Yes / Yes / Some / Yes-Chitin / Yes-
Cellulose / NO

Station 10.Derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

d.Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

Station 11.Assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

  1. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
  2. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by
  • Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow.
  • Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
  • Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P).

Station 12.Assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

  1. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.
  2. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power consumption.
What causes it? / What does it do to the environment?
Global warming / Build up of carbon dioxide in the environment / Can cause temp changes, weather changes

Station 13.Assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

  1. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
Gravitropism / Phototropism / Thigmotrophism
What it causes plants to do / -Roots go down and stems go up / -Plants grows towards the light / -Response to touch
Why this is helpful / _ Get more water with roots & Stems towards the light / -Photosynthesis / -Grow up toward the light
How it helps the plant
Cuticle / -Waxy covering on plants to prevent water loss.
Close stomata during hot weather / -Prevent Water loss.
Cacti have reduced the size of there leaves / - Prevent Water loss.

Station 14.Assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

  1. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.

Behavior / What is it? Give an example.
Innate
Instincts / -includes both automatic responses and instinctive behaviors
Territorial / Animals that have territories will defend their space
Migration / - movement from one location to another. Usually helps the organism survive changes in climate and changes in food supply.
Learned / Imprinting: Ex: animal returns to the place of its birth to lay its eggs
animal imprints on its mother
Habituation: organism decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal

Station 15.Evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution.

  1. Trace the history of the theory.
  2. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution.
What are the two rates of evolution? Explain each.
1.Gradualism / 2.Punctuated Equilibrium
Explain each type of evolution. Give an example of each.
1. Coevolution / 2. Divergent Evolution / 2.Convergent Evolution
- 2 organism evolve together
-ex: bee & flower / - 2 organisms that ARE related become different in structure because they live in different environments.
-Ex: Human & Whale. / - 2 organisms that ARE NOT related become similar in structure because they live in similar environments.
-ex: Whale & Shark

Station 16.Evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution.

  1. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory.
  2. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
  3. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic resistance).

Sketch graphs to show 4 types of selection:

***Remember: Natural selection doesn’t produce new genotypes and phenotypes, but it rather eliminates the less fit.