Chapter 4; Section 2: Pages 104-107; Restless Continents

  1. What was the hypothesis proposed by Alfred Wegener? What does this hypothesis suggest?
  1. According to Wegener, how were the continents arranged millions of years ago?
  1. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis?
  1. List and describe three kinds of evidence found on both sides of the ocean that support Wegener’s theory.
  1. What was the landmass hypothesized by Wegener to exist 245 million years ago called?
  1. When the supercontinent split, what were the 2 resulting continents called?
  1. About 65 million years ago, what happened to the 2 large landmasses that existed on Earth?
  1. Why did many reject Wegener’s hypothesis?
  1. Describe the process of sea-floor spreading.
  1. The process of forming new lithosphere as magma rises to the surface is called ______.
  2. ______are areas where sea-floor spreading takes place.
  3. The process that results in Earth’s magnetic poles changing places is called ______.
  4. The theory explaining how the continents reached their current locations is called ______.
  5. Rock on the ocean floor provided the final proof of sea-floor spreading with a record of ______.

Chapter 4; Section 3:

Pages 108-111; The Theory of Plate Tectonics

  1. The theory that Earth is divided into plates that move around is ______.
  1. The place where tectonic plates touch is called ______
  1. What are 3 ways plates can move relative to each other?
  1. When two plates with continental crust collide, what happens to the continental crust?
  1. What boundary forms when tectonic plates collide?
  1. What boundary forms when tectonic plates separate?
  1. What boundary forms when tectonic plates slide past each other?
  1. When rock is heated, it becomes less dense and tends to ______
  2. When rock cools, it becomes more ______and tends to ______
  3. Density changes in the asthenosphere are caused by the flow of ______energy from deep within the Earth.
  1. How fast do tectonic plates move?
  1. How do scientists measure the movement of tectonic plates?

Chapter 4; Section 4:

Pages 112-118; Deforming the Earth’s Crust

  1. The amount of force placed on a given material is called
  2. Bendingc. Stress
  3. Stretchingd. Breakage
  4. The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress is called
  5. Seismologyc. Deformation
  6. Elasticityd. Re-formation
  7. When stress squeezes an object it is called
  8. Compressionc. Convergence
  9. Re-formationd. Tension
  10. When stress stretches an object it is called
  11. Compressionc. Convergence
  12. Re-formationd. Tension
  13. What can form when compression squeezes rocks at a convergent boundary? ______
  14. What type of stress occurs at a divergent boundary?

______

  1. The bending of rock layers due to stress is known as
  2. Faultingc. Divergence
  3. Foldingd. Convergence
  1. A fold where both ends of the rock

layer are horizontal

  1. A downward, trough-like fold in a rock

layer

  1. An upward arching fold in a rock layer

  1. When rock layers break, the resulting surface they break and slide on is
  2. Wallc. Fault
  3. Slided. Fold
  4. When tension pulls rocks apart, it creates a
  5. Normal faultc. Reverse fault
  6. Foldd. Strike-slip fault
  7. When compression pushes rocks together it creates a
  8. Normal Faultc. Reverse fault
  9. Mid-ocean ridged. Strike-slip fault
  10. When opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally
  11. Normal faultc. Reverse fault
  12. Foldd. Strike-slip fault
  13. When a fault is not vertical, a hanging and a(n) ______are formed.
  14. The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall in a(n) ______
  15. The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall in a(n) ______.
  16. When tectonic plates collide, folds and faults can become
  17. Volcanoesc. Mountain ranges
  18. Transform boundariesd. Divergent boundaries
  19. What kind of mountain range is formed when rock layers are squeezed and forced upward?
  20. Folded mountainsc. Volcanic mountains
  21. Fault-block mountainsd. Strike-slip mountains
  22. What kind of mountain range is formed when tension causes large blocks of crust to drop down?
  23. Folded mountainsc. Volcanic mountains
  24. Fault-block mountains d. Strike-slip mountains
  25. What kind of mountain is formed when magma rises to the surface and erupts?
  26. Folded mountains
  27. Fault-block mountains
  28. Volcanic mountains
  29. Strike-slip mountains
  1. Appalachian Mountains
  2. Tetons
  3. Ring of Fire
  1. The rising of Earth’s crust to higher elevations is called
  2. Upliftc. Subsidence
  3. Reboundd. Uprise
  4. The sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations is called
  5. Upliftc. Subsidence
  6. Reboundd. Uprise
  7. When the Earth’s crust slowly springs back to its original elevation, it is called
  8. Upliftc. Subsidence
  9. Reboundd. Uprise
  10. What happens to the ocean floor the farther the oceanic lithosphere is from a mid-ocean ridge?
  1. A set of cracks that form when two tectonic plates are pulled away from each other is known as a(n) ______.

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