Sayles Gerrel

Rusty Rust

ENGL 100

April 24, 2016

GMO’s aka genetically modified organisms, are often posted on our food products in store without the consumer knowing what they are. Within this research paper with the guided help of experts in the field of genetically modified organism it will be brought to the attention of the respect consumer of such products what they are consuming, and what effects it can have on the body. The sources I would need to answer this research question would have to target all aspects of what a GMO is and any question revolving around it. Basic, general definition of what a GMO is, the process of how it happens, and its effects it has in life. Whether that be: physically, ethically, socially, or economically

Lallanilla, Marc. Live Science, Facts about Genetically Modified Food, TechMediaNetwork.January 11,2016. April 18, 2016

The article GMOs: facts about genetically modified food which was published recently as of January 11, 2016, gives the reader basic insight on defining what is a GMO while backing it up hard evidence from other sources. It also goes into explaining how GMOS are safe. This site goes over all of the effects of GMO’s , not only what effects it has on processing and labeling, The FDA ruled against the extra labeling but also in politics. Although US voted against labeling its food to be GMO or not it is still huge problem because people are afraid what is in their food ,this article explains that through the political aspect of the concept.

Oxford Journals.The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods Produced through Biotechnology. “Toxicology Sciences”. April 22, 2016

This article of “Toxicology Sciences” goes into a more precise depth of the science component of GMO’s. It explains the aspects in which GMO’s chemically change the the normal functions? structure of the the organisms we call our food. All of this being produced through biotechnology. While giving the reader general background information of what it is, the journal also informs the reader of the harmful hazards of such science to our foods. While of course backing it up with statistics and logos with other research societies and companies. In overall this article focuses on the negative effects of what this specific type of GMO science can do not only to the human body but the chemicals within the organisms that are being modified as well.

Alisa Blackwood. The Six questions on every shopper’s mind about the new biotech foods. “GMOs 101”. 2004 May. 18 April 2016.

“GMOs 101” gives the basic concept of what a GMO is an all that you would need to know about this phenomenon. The author breaks the article up into six basic sections including:” What are GMO’s, and what are they used for?, “What kinds of foods contain GMO’s?, Should I be concerned about the safety of GM foods?, What do GM crops mean for the environment?, Is it possible to live completely GM0-free?,[and] What will we see next from the Biotech-food market?”. This article contains everything I will need for my portion of the research paper since my overall question is what is GMO’s.It also includes visual representation in what is focuses on foods in the market as well as giving sources of where the author got her information form. This given article provides answers to all six of those question and will serve as a reliable source.

Sayre, Phil. Seidler J. Ramon. Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S Environmental Protection Agency. “Application of GMs in the U.S: EPA research and regulatory considerations related to soil systems”.13 April 2004 . 20 April 2016.

This overall journal article focuses on more than just the topic at hand of : GMOs, but within its critical points is the GMOs and the research and development that asset the risk in relation to GMO products. The paper also uses “EPA” as its sources upon its effects. In defining what A GMO is it is best to also compute the effects both positive and negative effects. While this paper focuses on the environment and soil and etc, it still gives the reader an insight on the topic of GMOs. This journal is the most credible resource, it gives clear information on where has come from as well as whole was included in the making of it. This journal entry also includes a graph? table explaining the effects of non GMOs its effects and the references of where those effects comes form for each entry within the graph.That is one of the two of examples of graphs given within this journal the other is on plants.

Maghari Mohajer Behrokh &Ardekani M. Ali .Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, Vol. 3 No.3 “Genetically Modified Foods and Social Concerns. July-September 2011. 13 April 2016

Lundquist A. Kyndra. The University of Iowa College of Law .“Unapproved Genetically Modified Corn: It’s whats’s for Dinner”. 2015. 18 April 2016

Stanton Sue. “Food Fight”. U.S. Catholic. 18 May 2014. 18 April 2016

Carr Susan, Les Levidow, & Murphy Joseph. Sage Publications, Ltd. “Regulatroy Standards for Environmental Risks: Understanding the US0 European Union Conflict over Genetically Modified Crops. 18 April 2016.

Lynas Mark & Tudge Colin. Journal of International Affairs. “ GMOS: A Solution or a Problem?”. Spring/Summer 2014. 20 April 2016.

Ferrie Helke. The CCPA Monitor. “Evidence grows of harmful effects of GMOs on Human health”. October 2011. 20 April 2016

Settele Josef & Zughart Wiebke. BioRisk. “GMO environmental impact monitoring”. * August 2013. 19 April 2016

Menetrez Y. Marc. Environmental Science and Technology. “An Overview of Algae Biofuel Production and Potential Environmental Impact. 8 June 2012. 19 April 2016

Smith Diane Melissa. Better Nutrition. “Why you don’t want Genetically Modified Organisms Hidden in Everyday foods and how to Avoid Them”. March 2011. 22 April 2016

Helme Anderson Morgan. University Of Minnesota Law School. “Genetically Modifed Food Fight: The FDA Should step Up to the Regulatory Plate so States DO Not Cross the Constitutional line. 2014. 20 April 2016

Why the author is credible:

Why the article is credible : It is an actual university

What does GMO’s do to our health? (Daniel Lopez)

1. Ultimately, the article presents health risks such as insecticide exposure, and toxin consumptions in crops. Rajan argument is to identify and expose how gmo foods have severe consequences in the human health. He does this through different research.

2. Eventually, i will take specific quotes from this article that address the risks of genetically modified organisms (Gmo’s ) within the human health. The article was published in 2012 therefore; this research in gmo’s has been created within the last 5 years. The source “Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology” is a fundamental piece to ensure that this article covers the biomedicine as well as the technology parts of Gmo’s. In my paragraph, I will include the aspect of different medicine that can harm the human health and new technology that has been made.

Rajan, S.Ravi. WHAT RISK ASSESSMENTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS CAN LEARN FROM INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSES OF PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS.Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology. July 12 2012. Article

Why the author is credible:

Why the article is credible: Article is scholarly peer-reviewed journal

Author’s affiliations: Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz

Daniel Lopez

Overall, this article explain the types of pesticides in plants and soil that cause diseases in the human health. It gives an explanation that gmo’s harm animals and the human health with toxic substances.

This article will help my argument by taking out specific quotes that indicate the pesticides within plants and soil. The article also directly targets United States so therefore it gives an explanation on the GMO’s in the USA.

Sayre, Philip. Seilder,J. Ramon. APPLICATION OF GMO’S IN THE U.S: EPA RESEARCH AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO SOIL SYSTEMS.Plant & Soil. 2005. Article.

Why the author is credible:

Why the article is credible: Article is scholarly peer reviewed

DANIEL LOPEZ

Lundquist,Kyndra A. UNAPPROVED GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN: IT’S WHAT’S FOR DINNER.. Iowa Law Review. Jan 2015.Article

Why the author is credible:

Why the article is credible: Article is scholarly peer reviewed

The article argument is mostly on how corn has changed its system. This article presents the agricultural markets and strains in gmo’s foods.

Overall, the article will develop my argument on how food processing in crops has changed throughout the years. Furthermore it targets U.S. growers and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. I will focus on the agriculture department to evaluate how crops are grown and how they can affect our health.

DANIEL LOPEZ

Joss, Harrison.THE RISE OF FRANKENBEER: A HOLISTIC ANALYSIS ON INTERNATIONAL LABELING AND BEVERAGE LAWS THROUGH THE LENS OF THE ONGOING CONTROVERSY OFGENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS.ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law. Fall2014, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p131-155. 25p. Article.

Article presents the history of health effects as well as biotechnology of genetically modified organisms. Also it analyzes some of the reactions within the World Health Organization.

GMO regulation in the U.S. -V.P

The argument on whether should our government regulate all GMO products had been going on for decades. Even though there’s law restricting on GMO foods labelling, the industry still find their ways around it. In result, many court cases throughout the states trying to fight for consumer’s rights get a lot of attentions from both consumers and the food industry. Around the world, there are 59 countries have regulations on GMO’s; however, the U.S federal legislation does not have any specific law on the GMO’s products. In this research paper, I will focus on the process and efforts of trying to ban GMO’s products in the Unite State. I will also give the audience a deeper look into many different court cases related to the topic.

Kenneth, N. F. (2014). FIELDS OF CHANGE: MUNICIPAL GMO REGULATION AND THE FEDERAL TAKINGS CLAUSE. Vermont Law Review, 39(2), 537-572.

This article provides me a lot of information about regulating of GMO in the U.S. It talks about the history, the purpose and as well as the significance of the process of regulating. The author uses many different sources to inform the audience about his topic. Using this article, I can easily find the background information on GMO regulation and how the food fight had developed over the year throughout the country. The article is a peer viewed journal so therefore I can rely on this information.

Helme, M. A. (2013). Genetically Modified Food Fight: The FDA Should Step Up to the Regulatory Plate so States Do Not Cross the Constitutional Line. Minnesota Law Review, 98(1), 356-384.

This article focuses on the responsibility of the FDA in term of regulating GMO. The author explains about the bad effect of genetically modified food in his introduction, then he goes on to point out the lack of legal aspect in this GMO food fight. Targeting on the FDA’s absences of regulating GMO had led to the increasing in states violating of the constitutional line.

Lundquist, K. A. (Jan 2015). Unapproved Genetically Modified Corn: It's What's for Dinner. Iowa Law Review, 100(2), 825-851.

Farmers found unapproved genetically modified plants on their fields. The author stated that the USDA, APHIS, and the EPA must regulate the GM field testing in order to stop the unapproved GM crops from escaping and entering our environment. Next, the author give a brief summary of the history of U.S regulation of GMO. Then he discussed about the current situation and issues that the GM regulatory system is facing. Last, he proposes a solution to solve the problem. This article can help me understand more about other regulation other than banning GMO’s products in America.

Federici, V. (6/1/2010). GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND INFORMED CONSUMER CHOICE: COMPARING U.S. AND E.U. LABELING LAWS. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 35(2), 515-561.

This article gives a comparison between the U.S and the E.U labelling laws. Using this information, I can help the audience see the big different between our labelling legal laws and how we are so irresponsible about the consumer’s health risk. Since labelling law can be useful for consumers in term of identify the bad chemicals used in GMO products, the lack of enforcing the labelling law can result in consumers’ unknown dangers.

Kling, J. (dec 2014). Labeling for better or worse. Nature Biotechnology, 32(12), 1180-1183.

The article mentioned about various U.s labelling bill on GM foods. It discussed about consumer’s health risks and other effects of GM on the environment. The author also evaluated the GMO’s labelling system. The argument about the right of speech, consumer’s right to know is the main topic for this journal. With this information, I can narrow down my topic and focusing on the GM food and labelling.