RAJIVGANDHIUNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA, INDIA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / Mrs. RINY RAJAN

FIRST YEAR M.Sc., NURSING,

VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
CHITRADURGA,
KARNATAKA.
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
CHITRADURGA.
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / FIRST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,
CHILD HEALTH NURSING.
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE / 26-11-2008
5. /

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

/ “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON knowledge ofCHILD SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF HOME ACCIDENTS AMONG THE MOTHERS OF TODDELERS ADMITTED IN DISTRICT HOSPITAL,AT CHITRADURGA.’’
6.0 / BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK :
6.0 INTRODUCTION:
Children are the treasures of a nation. They are to develop into its citizens and leaders of tomorrow. Healthy children are the greatest resource and pride of any nation. Investment in the children’s development is an investment in the future of the nation. Thus their health and development must be monitored at every step of their life.
Today’s children’s are the citizen of tomorrow. They deserve to inherit a safer. Fairer and healthier world. There is no task more important than safe guarding their environment
The future development of our children depends on their enjoying good health today. A house is an exciting place for infants and small children, who love to explore but aren’t aware of the potential dangers. Life can’t be risk-free, but most household accidents can be prevented by utilizing a household safety list. The incidence of accidental injuries is increasing in India, especially home accidents in childrens. Hence the knowledge of mothers is essential for undertaking measures to prevent them. 1
The quality or state of being safe assurance safeness security. The idea of the number of potential risks children face may seen over whelming to parents. There was a variety of measures parents can take to reduce those risks is motor vehicle, occupants injury. The children are our nation’s most precious resource, but as children they often lack the skills to protect those selues. It is our responsibility as parents and teachers to safeguard children and to teach them the skills to be safe. 2
Evaluate reliability and validity of the injury prevention project safety survey of the American academy of pediatrics in measuring injury prevention practices. This suggests that the quest to develop a valid home -based injury prevention behavior assessment tool should continue and be done in a way that carefully addresses potential instruments validity and reliability. 3
Parent’s perceptions, attitudes and behaviors towards child safety. As parents are the primary care gives of children. It is necessary to learn more about parent’s perceptions, attitudes and behaviors towards child safety. It was found that lack of awareness or knowledge about the causes of accidents and the parents want to be better informed about the causes of child accidents and about actions, they and society can take to reduce injury-related risk to children. 4
A study was conducted on Childhood unintentional injuries the perceived impact of the environment lack of supervision and child characteristics concluded that interventions including passive strategies and less activity from the parent may be welcomed in communities attention should be given to child injury prevention methods specifically for low-income contexts. 5
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY :
Providing a safe environment putting preventive measures into practice and teach the children methods of self protection are all ways to reduce the potential for unintentional injuries in children.
A child’s world centers around the home, school and the community. The biggest threats to children’s health lurk in the very places that should be safest - home, school and community. Every child as the right to grow up in healthy environment.
Children are by nature explorers their lives are full of new sensations which they want to find out about this normal curiosity can sometimes lead them into danger. Unintentional poisoning is one of the greatest of these dangers, particularly for children under the age of 5.
In general children are primarily at risk of an intentional injury related death from motor vehicle injuries which is include children of occupants pedestrians and bicycle lisesdrowning fire and burns consequences of injuries very by age and developmental level reflecting differences and exposure to hazards. 6
According to the child accident prevention foundation of Australia private homes top the list of places where children are likely to experience injuries. In fact for children under the age of 5 home injuries account for half of unintentional deaths 3 out of 4 non fatal injuries. Because children’s airways are so small children can easily choke on food or other small objects they are inclined to put into their mouths common objects found around your house such as plastic shopping bags and other safe materials also pose a danger burns and scalds are for more serious in children than in adults because a child’s sensitive skin burns more easily than an adults. A serious burn or scald can kill a child .children under 4 years old are most at risk particularly those aged between one and two years . 7
Assess the parental attitude and understanding of child safety the study shows that parents of lower income are showing limited understanding on child safety the parents poor showing indicates is importance of passive intervention as the need for programmers to increase potentials knowledge of childhood injury and child safety. 8
Teaching parents about water safety in conjunction with their child’s in-water lessons. This study suggests that toddler lessons in swim schools provide a valuable opportunity to address parental misconceptions about toddler water safety. Further research is required to determine how parents whose toddlers do not attend swimming lessons mite similarly benefit from such a programme. 9
The burn injuries in small children, a population based study in Sweden. This study concluded that our data demonstrate the importance of developing a programme for the prevention of pediatric scalds with education of family members to be aware of the danger. With present study the knowledge about the occurrence of injuries in scald accidents in children has become deeper. This knowledge may contribute to more individual child accident prevention programme to use in the child care. 10
The investigator has worked as a nursing in children ward at Bapuji Child Health and Research Centre, at Davangere, during her work period she has been witnessed many mothers admitting their toddlers to the hospital with different types of home accidents like, burns, scalds. Poisoning, electric injuries and foreign body aspiration. This is evident that, these accidents are mainly due to ignorance related to prevention of home accidents in domestic situation. Hence, the investigator felt a need to impart health education for mothers on child safety and prevention of home accidents. In turn this study helps for mothers of toddlers to provide safe environment in domestic situation and reduce home accidents.
6.2 Review Of Literature :
For the present study the researcher has made an extensive review of literature to collect information related to the research topic. The researcher has made use of various journals, texts, medline. Search and internet to avail the information pertaining to the related study. The literature for the present study is organized sand presented under the following headings:
1. Studies related to general information on child safety
2. Studies related to common accidents and injuries among children’s
3. Studies related to knowledge on child safety
Taveras study on planning for health promotion in how income pre-school child care setting focus group of parents and child are providers the objective is to identify potentially successful strategies, barriers and facilitators for health promotions in pre school child care settings. This study concluded that in order to be successful, health promotion strategies in child care settings will need to over come tensions between providers and parents, allow professional growth of child care providers to serve in a health promotions roll and better integrate external health resources and personal group sessions and peer learning opportunities that are culturally and linguistically sensitive or potentially successful strategies for implementation of health promotion intervention for many parents. 11
Pollack conducted on supervision of children aged two through six years. It concluded that it can be said that many parents supervise their children by being close-by and on-hand has needed, rather than being directly involved in the child’s activities, manufactures are encouraged to employ passive measures and sound designs, rather than rely on close parental supervision for injury prevention. 12
Chemically this study was conducted on peer educators – contributing to child accidents prevention; this describes the evaluation of an innovative approach to tackling the issue of childhood accidents prevention in the home. The aim of this paper is to describe the qualitative finding and to highlight some of the successes and challenges of this approach in order to provide practice development message. 13
King was conducted study on the effectiveness of a home visit to prevent child hood injury. This study was signifies that an intervention using a single home visit to improve the extent to which families use safety measures was found to be insufficient to influence the long-term adoption of home safety measures, but it was effective to decrease overall occurrences of injuries. Future program’s should target a few , well- focused evidence –based areas including the evaluation of high risk groups and the effect of repeated visits on outcome of child safety . 14
Mock conducted a study on childhood injury prevention practices by parents in Mexico. The objective is scientifically based injury prevention efforts have not been widely implemented in Latin America. It concluded that considerable differences in the knowledge and especially the practice of childhood safety exist among parents in different socio-economic levels in Mexico. 15
Soori conducted study on children’s risk perception and parent’s views on levels of risk that the children attach to the outdoor activities. These findings may partly explain the higher rate of accidental injuries among children’s boy and more deprived children. The results may inform how education of preschool children about dealing with activities such has crossing a busy road climbing walls and playing in street and how parent should be conscious of their children’s outdoor activities. 16
Kassin conducted study on child abuse and neglect as seen in general Hospital it is a two year study. In that 62 are physical abuse six are sexual abuse and 17 are neglect
in that 25 boys and 61 girls. This results that 24 were sent back to their parents and 11 to their relatives home 27 were taken into care by the ministry of social and the remaining 7 children who were illegal immigrants, were deported with their parents only one child was successfully fostered . 11 children were taken away from the hospital by their parents or guardians without the knowledge of the health staff. 17
Park KG conducted study on BMX bicycle injuries in children. The majority of bicycle accidents in the 1984 period occurred on BMX bicycle models. Their was a marked increases in number of injuries seen in 1984 {288} in comparison with 1983 {188} reflecting the increased use of bicycles by children due to the current popularity of BMX bicycles. Although there was an increase in minor injuries in 1984 {182} compared with 1983 {112}. The number of severe injuries was less – 56 in 1984 {20% and 68 in 1983, 37%}. Although increasing the number of accidents and emergency attendances, have not caused a rise in the number of few. 18
Santos conducted study on patterns of use, popular beliefs and proneness to accidents of a baby walker (go-cart), bases for a health information campaign. her was a significant inverse relationships between the walker usage and the maternal level of education of the infants who used the walkers 24.9%had experienced an accidents (falls76.2%, injuries 14.3%and hospital admission 4.8%).The results shows that a slightly lower number of walker users and walker related accidents, when compared to other reports parents have mistaken notions about the use o baby walkers. Hence the need for continued health education campaigns related to this subject remains. 19
6.3 Statement of problem :
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE OF CHILD SAFETY & prevention of Home accidents AMONG THE MOTHERS OF TODDELERS IN DISTRICT HOSPITAL AT CHITRADURGA.
6.4 Objectives of the Study :
  1. To identified the level of knowledge of mother on child safety and prevention of home accidents through pretest.
  2. To prepare and implement structure teaching programme.
  3. To evaluate the impact of structure teaching programme on child safety and prevention of home accidents through posttest.
  4. To identified the association between structure teaching programme and socio demographic variables of selected mothers of toddler.
6.5Operational definitions:
Assess: Assess refers to determine the level of knowledge related to the study variables.
Knowledge: Knowledge refers to response of the mothers of toddler to the question stated in the questionnaire regarding child safety.
Effectiveness: This refers to the extent to which the planned teaching programme has achieved the desired effect, determined by the gain in knowledge scores in the post-test as measured by the structured knowledge questionnaire.
Planned Teaching Programme: It refers to the written health teaching material prepared on child safety among the mothers of toddler. Using appropriate teaching aids of flip charts.
Child Safety: Child safety refers to protection of child from danger or harm in home situation.
Prevention of Home Accidents:- Refers to the level of knowledge of mothers of toddlers on how to avoid home accidents
Toddler: Toddler refers to children age of one to three years.
6.6 Hypothesis :
H01: There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-testknowledge scores on child safety among the mothers of toddler.
H02 : There will be a significant association between knowledge scores and demographic
Variables the mothers of toddler.
6.7 Delimitations of the study :
  • The study is limited only to mothers of toddler.
  • Mothers available at the period of study only.
Effectiveness of STP in terms of knowledge only.
  • Measurements of scores for knowledge once before and after STP only.
7.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
7.1 Source of Data collection:
The data will be collected from the mothers of toddler in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
Research design: Pre-experimental design. One group pre test and post test design.
Research setting:The mothers of toddler in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
Population: allmothers oftoddler in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
Sample size:The total study samples will be 50 mothers of toddler.
Inclusion criteria :
  • Mothers of toddler those who admitted in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
  • Those who willing to participate in the study.
  • Those who available at the time of data collection.
  • Mothers who can read and/or write Kannada and/or English.
  • Exclusion criteria :
  • Who are not co-operative.
  • Not available during the study.
  • With others forms of diseases.
7.2 Methods of collection of data :
Sampling technique: Simple random technique.
Setting of the study: Study will be conducted in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
Data collection method :
  • Researcher introduces herself.
  • Administration of test on knowledge regarding child safetyand its prevention before intervention (pretest).
  • Introduces structured teaching programme.
  • Administration of test on knowledge regarding child safetyand its prevention after intervention (posttest).
Data analysis plan: The data will be analyzed by using appropriate statistical method and the findings will be presented in the forms of figures and tables.
Tool:
Part -1. Information regarding sociodemographical variables.
Part -2. Questions related to child safety
Part -3.Questions relatedtoprevention of home accidents
Structured Teaching Programme:-Consists of planned teaching for 30 minutes duration on child safety and prevention of home accidentsfor mothers of toddlers.
Variables:
Independentvariable: Structured teaching programme.
Dependent variable: Knowledge on child safety.
Ethical clearance :
7.3: Does your study require any investigation or interventions to conduct on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes, Structure teaching programme will be administered the mothers of toddlers in DistrictHospital, Chitradurga.
7.4: Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, written permission will be obtained from the hospital.
List of References:
  1. Nanthini subbiah. Knowledge of mothers on prevention of childhood accidents. The Nursing journal of India, 2006; 229 – 231.
  2. Dorothy M.R. Text book of pediatric nursing, philadelhia W.B. Sunders Company. 6th edition; 1998; 723-747.
  3. Mason M,Christoffel KK, Sinacore J. Reliability & validity of the injury prevention project home safety survey. Arch pediatr Adolesc Med, 2007 Aug; 161(8): 759-65.
  4. Vincenten J.A, Sector M.J, Rogmans W. Boutor L. Parent’s perceptions attitudes & behavior towards child safety. 2005 Sep; 12(3): 183-9.
  5. Munro SA, van Niekerk A, seedat M. Childhood unintentional injuries. Child care Health Dev; 2006 may; 32(3): 269-79.
  6. Donna W, Whalley and wong’s Essentials of Pediatric nursing. Philadelphia. C.V. Mosby company; 6th edition: 1997; 377.
  7. Polit D.F & Hungler B.P. Essentials of Nursing Research, Philadelphia, J.B. Lippin cott company; 5th edition; 1995; 36.
  8. Eichelberger M.R, Gotschall C.S, Feely I.T. Bowman L.M.J. Prenatal attitudes and knowledge on child safety. A.M.J Dis child, 1990 Jun; 144(6): 714-20.
  9. Moran K, Stanley T. Toddler drowning Prevention. INT J Inj contr safe promot, 2006Dec; 13(A): 254-6.Carlsson A, Haykansson A, Karlsson E.D. Burn injuries in small children at Sweden. J clin Nurse, 2006 Feb; 15(2): 129-34.
  10. Macarthur. C. Evaluation of safe kid’s week 2001: prevention of scald and burn injuries in Children’s. Inj Prev, 2003 June; 9(2): 112-6.
11. Taveras EM, Lapelle N, Gupta R.S.Planning for health Promotion in low- IncomPreschool child care settings. Ambul Pediatric, 2006, Nov; 6(6): 342-346.
  1. Pollack-Nelson C, Drago DA. Supervision of children aged two through six years. In J control safe promotion. 2002Jun; 9(2): 121-6.
  2. Carr S.Peer educators contributing to child accident prevention. Community pract; 2005 May; 78(5): 174-7.
  3. King N.J, Klassen T.P,Leblanc J, coyle D, Pless IB. The effectiveness of a home visit to Prevent Childhood injury. Pediatrics. 2001Aug; 108(2): 382-8.
  4. Mock c, Arreola Rissa C, Trevino parez R, Simpson K. Childhood injury Prevention Practices by parents in Mexico. In J Prev, 2002 Dec; 8(4): 303-5.
  5. Soori H. Children’s risk Perception and parent’s views on level of risk that children attach of outdoor activities. 2000May; 21(5): 55-60.
  6. Kassin M.S, Georga R, Reddy R, Singh Jetal. Child abuse and neglect as see in general Hospital. Med J Malaysia, 1989Jun; 44 (2): 111-21 Relates Articles.
  7. Park KG, Dickson AP. BMX bicycle injuries in children Injures. 1986 Jan; 17(1): 34-6 Related articles Link.
  8. Santos Serrano L, Paricio Talaveran. J.M... Popular beliefs and proneness to accidents of a Baby walker bases for health information campaign. An ESP pediatr, 1996 April; 44 (4): 337-40.

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