Quiz 3Physical Geography
QUIZ 3PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Chapter: Chapter 13: Weathering and Mass Wasting
Chapter: Chapter 14: Fresh Water of the Continents
Chapter: Chapter 15: Landforms Made by Running Water
1. ______refers to large areas covered by angular, broken rock
A) alluviumB) bedrock
C) felsenmeerD) moraineE) solifluction
2. Fractures in rocks where there is no relative movement are referred to as ______.
A) talusB) faultsC) joints
D) blocksE) scree
3. Which of the following processes could result in an induced earthflow?
A) weak local geologyB) heavy prolonged rainC) severe earthquake
D) piling of waste soil and rock in unstable accumulationE) prolonged periods of dry conditions
4. Which of the following types of weathering affects limestone and occurs predominantly in humid areas?
A) frost actionB) spheroidal weatheringC) acid action
D) eluviationE) hydrolysis
5. Slumping is an example of a ______.
A) creep movementB) earthflow movementC) slide movement
D) fall movementE) solifluction
6. Which of the following rocks and minerals would be most resistant to chemical weathering?
A) QuartzB) DolomiteC) Limestone
D) CalciteE) Chalk
7. Which of the following indicates oxidation?
A) spheroidal weathering
B) red coloration of rocks and soil
C) joints in rocks being opened up freezing and thawing
D) the splitting of rocks by plant roots
E) mass wasting
8. Exfoliation is the result of which of the following processes?
A) biological weatheringB) unloadingC) carbonation
D) oxidationE) frost action
9. Which of the following is most significant in the formation of a talus cone?
A) biological weatheringB) unloadingC) carbonation
D) oxidationE) frost action
10. Which of the following may lead to the environmental degradation of permafrost?
A) deposition of sediments
B) addition of organic matter to the soil surface
C) removal of surface vegetation
D) growth of natural surface vegetation
E) all of the above
11. Salt crystal growth is associated with which of the following climates?
A) wet tropical climate
B) mid-latitude climates
C) arid desert climates
D) west coast humid climates
E) cold polar climates
12. Unloading is also referred to as:
A) exfoliationB) granular disintegrationC) hydrolysis
D) oxidationE) acid action
13. Niche formation is associated with which of the following types of weathering?
A) acid actionB) oxidationC) frost action
D) salt-crystal growthE) granular disintegration
14. The general term to describe land disturbances such as excavations and strip mining is:
A) disintegrationB) spoilage
C) tailingsD) dredgingE) scarification
15. Permafrost associated with high elevations is referred to as:
A) continuous permafrost
B) discontinuous permafrost
C) alpine permafrost
D) sub-sea permafrost
E) sporadic permafrost
16. The zone of permafrost south of discontinuous permafrost in which occasional patches of permafrost occur is referred to as:
A) continuous permafrost
B) discontinuous permafrost
C) alpine permafrost
D) sub-sea permafrost
E) sporadic permafrost
17. The patterning on the ground surface in periglacial regions associated with silty alluvium such as found in floodplains is referred to as:
A) solifluction groundB) pingosC) ice-wedge polygons
D) thermokarstE) thermal erosion
18. The sorting of surface pebbles and cobbles on slopes in periglacial regions results in:
A) stone netsB) stone polygonsC) stone rings
D) stone stripesE) stone wedges
19. Thermokarst is characterized by which of the following features?
A) patterned ground
B) thickened permafrost
C) stone polygons
D) depressions
E) pingos
20. Human activities can ______mass wasting in forms ranging from mudflow and earthflow to landslide.
A) changeB) predictC) hinder
D) induceE) none of the above
21. A topographic barrier which separates two drainage basins is referred to as a (an) ______.
A) trunkB) brookC) network
D) divideE) distributary
22. Minerals eroded by acid action in karst regions and then deposited on the walls of caves are known as:
A) calciteB) dolomiteC) limestone
D) travertineE) chert
23. The level below which a stream cannot erode its bed is referred to as ______.
A) basinB) base levelC) floodplain
D) leveeE) stream capacity
24. The portion of water carried by a stream that is contributed by groundwater is referred to as:
A) infiltrationB) runoffC) overland flow
D) dischargeE) base flow
25. The absorption of water by a soil, delivered by light or moderate rain is
A) infiltrationB) runoffC) overland flow
D) dischargeE) base flow
26. The difference between the cone tip and the original water table after water has been drawn from a well is known as the:
A) rechargeB) runoffC) drawdown
D) yieldE) withdrawal
27. Which of the following factors can negatively impact the quality of groundwater?
A) high temperature incineration
B) salt water intrusion
C) sanitary land-fill disposal sites
D) volumes of extraction that is less than recharge
E) infiltration
28. Stream discharge is defined as:
A) volume of water per unit time passing though a cross section of the stream at that location
B) height of water per unit time passing though a cross section of the stream at that location
C) velocity of water passing though a cross section of the stream at that location
D) volume of water per unit time passing though a length of the stream
E) velocity of water per unit time passing though a length of the stream
29. Which of the following features defines the upper surface of groundwater?
A) the soil-water belt
B) the unsaturated zone
C) the water table
D) the saturated zone
E) the regolith
30. Which of the following situations is required for an artesian well?
A) an aquifer positioned below one aquiclude B) an aquiclude between two aquifers
C) an aquifer positioned on top of one aquiclude
D) an aquiclude positioned on top of one aquifer
E) an aquifer between two aquicludes
31. Stream discharge at a location on a stream is determined by noting the height or:
A) bedB) volumeC) aspect
D) gaugeE) stage
32. The relationship between stream discharge and precipitation is best studied using a:
A) hygrometerB) graphic scaleC) hydrograph
D) flood stage E) flood current
33. The difference between the time at which precipitation occurs and the time at which a stream gauge begins to show a rise in the stream is referred to as the:
A) base flowB) time lagC) hydrograph period
D) dischargeE) stream lapse
34. How does urbanization impact stream flow?
A) The development of large areas of permeable surfaces
B) Overland flow across the urban area decreases
C) Recharge of groundwater beneath the urban area is reduced
D) Storm sewers slow the rate at which water is delivered to nearby rivers and streams
E) Decrease the frequency and height of flood peaks after heavy storms
35. The height above which inundation of the floodplain occurs:
A) flood levelB) flood stageC) discharge
D) flash floodE) base flow
36. Lakes in arid regions with no surface outlet often display which of the following characteristics?
A) development of bogs
B) gradual decline in lake area due to the growth of vegetation
C) development of salt flats
D) gradual increase in water levels
E) accumulation of organic sediments
37. Salinization refers specifically to the build-up of salts in which of the following features?
A) vegetationB) soilsC) lakesD) riversE) rocks
38. The accumulation of excess nutrients that stimulate freshwater plant growth may lead to which of the following processes?
A) salinization
B) acidification
C) subsidence
D) eutrophication
E) sublimation
39. Surface runoff is also known as ______.
A) overland flowB) floodingC) infiltration
D) erosionE) stream flow
40. Sand or Sandstones' ability to hold water often make it a good ______.
A) recreational siteB) aquiferC) construction material
D) building locationE) none of the above
41. Changes in a stream's cross-sectional area and average velocity are related to changes in ______.
A) type of bedrock
B) the amount of sediment in the stream.
C) the flow velocity of the stream.
D) the stream channel difficult to measure
E) gradient of the stream channel.
42. Which of the following is a depositional fluvial landform?
A) cuestaB) hogbackC) levee
D) butteE) water gap
43. Which of the following transport processes would likely dominate in a muddy stream?
A) suspensionB) solutionC) saltation
D) tractionE) abrasion
44. The rolling or sliding of particles in a stream moves larger debris referred to collectively at the.
A) Solution loadB) stream loadC) bed loadD) dissolved loadE) suspended load
45. Which of the following features is not a consequence of accelerated erosion associated with vegetation loss?
A) Increased organic matter
B) Splash erosion C) Reduced infiltration
D) Reduced ability of soil to absorb water
E) Greater effectiveness of overland flow
46. The erosion process associated with overland flow is referred to as:
A) sediment yieldB) sheet erosion
C) splash erosion D) corrosionE) stream erosion
47. Gullies are the eventual result of which of the following erosion processes?
A) sediment yieldB) splash erosionC) rill erosion
D) sheet erosionE) stream erosion
48. The erosive force of flowing water is referred to as:
A) turbulence
B) abrasion
C) corrosion
D) sliding
E) hydraulic action
49. A stream in an equilibrium condition whereby it can just carry the average of load of sediment that it receives from slopes and inflowing channels is referred to as a/an:
A) gully
B) meandering river
C) graded stream
D) alluvial river E) rill
50. Which of the following features develops once a river has reached a graded condition?
A) lakes
B) levee
C) terrace
D) floodplain
E) braided channel
______
Select three (3) of the following essay questions. Be sure to answer all three by using at least 3-5 sentences each and a diagram if appropriate.
- Compare and contrast slope erosion in humid and in arid or semi-arid regions.
- Identify the three main processes with fluvial erosion and give examples of how they may be represented in the landscape.
- Describe and explain the development of alluvial fans.
- Using a diagram describe the formation of ox-bow lakes.
- Compare and contrast the features of weathering associated with moist and arid climates.
- Use an example from your own region to describe the effects of scarification on the landscape.
- Compare and contrast the features of natural mass wasting to the impacts of scarification.
- Describe the characteristics and formation of ice wedges and ice-wedge polygons.
- Describe and explain the processes responsible for the development of karst caves.
- Using a hydrograph of a local river, compare and contrast any evident variations such as seasonality or sudden storms.
- Describe the effects of groundwater extraction with particular reference to the problems of over extraction.
-Describe the problems apparent in the shrinking of the Aral Sea with particular reference to the causes. Consider the likely future state of the Aral Sea over the next few decades.