NYOS BiologyName ______Intro to Bio Unit Study Guide Date ______
VOCABULARY Word Bank
systemconsumerpopulationorgan
photosynthesishomeostasisnatural selectiontissue
produceradaptationevolutiongene
hypothesiscycleunicellularcarbohydrate
ecosystemcommunityorgan systemspecies
ACROSS9 / the number of organisms, of the same species, that live in the same place, at the same time
11 / the conditions of an organism's environment select some traits in favor of other traits
12 / a section of DNA which codes for one specific protein molecule
15 / molecule produced by photosynthesis and used by cells for chemical energy
16 / a natural system that consists of the whole biotic community of an area, as well as the abiotic parts of that area
18 / a system, made of different cells, which performs a particular function
19 / a combination of parts that interact to perform a function
DOWN
1 / the ability of cells & organisms to keep their internal conditions stable, despite changes in their environment
2 / an organism that has, and needs, only one cell
3 / a prediction which can be tested by observations or experiments
4 / the change that takes place, across generations, in the gene pool of a population
5 / organism that must eat other organisms for energy
6 / an inherited trait that benefits an organism's fitness to its environment
7 / a system that consists of multiple different organs, which can perform particular functions
8 / a process that continues back to its starting point, and keeps itself going
9 / process by which solar energy is converted to chemical energy
10 / a system, made of different tissues, which performs a particular function
13 / one specific type of organism
14 / an organism that is able to produce chemical energy within its cell(s)
17 / all of the different populations that live in a certain area at the same time
1) The definition of a system has two different parts. List them.
Explain why a bicycle is a good example of both parts of the definition!
2) The ______is considered to be the “basic unit” of life.
This is because ______,
and also because ______.
3) The ______has ______, which organism/ part of organism form: structure, shape, size, composition, etc
enablesthe organism to ______. function
This is an adaptation to/for ______. factor of the organism’s environment
The ______has ______, which organism/ part of organism form: structure, shape, size, composition, etc
enables the organism to ______. function
This is an adaptation to/for ______. factor of the organism’s environment
4) Why do organisms always have similar traits to their parents? Be specific about the reason you give!
Why is there variation among the traits of the organisms in a population? Be specific!
5) All organisms must interact with their environment, every moment that they live.
List 3 chemicals you’ve taken into your body today, and explain why your CELLS need it.
ChemicalWhy do your cells need it?
1)
2)
3)
Describe two actions you’ve taken today, which have affected other parts of your environment in some way.
6. What is the original source of energy for most of the ecosystems on Earth?
This energy comes to Earth in the form of ______, but cells need that energy to be in ______form.
______are the types of organisms that can convert solar energy into ______energy.
They do this through the process of ______, which requires three different inputs: ______, ______, and ______.
This process produces two different chemicals: ______, which their cells need, and ______, which is released back to their environment as waste.
______are the types of organisms that cannot produce ______energy, and must ______in order to get it.
In order to use the ______, all cells must also take in the element ______, either from the atmosphere, or from the water (which gets it from the atmosphere).
Using ______, cells must burn the ______to convert them into another type of molecule, called ______. This process is called cell respiration.
7. All living cells must be able to maintain homeostasis in order to function correctly.
This means that their temperature, water balance, amount of carbohydrates, pH of the water, and many other factors must remain stable inside the cell, even though those conditions may change drastically outside the cell.
Organisms, as a whole, must also maintain homeostasis, so that their cells function correctly.
Q: why does the internal environment of a cell need to remain stable, in order for the cell to function properly and stay alive?
8. What does biological fitness mean?
Which changes first, the environmental conditions of an area, or the physical traits of the organisms in that area?
Can individual organisms change their traits? What determines the traits that an organism has?
Explain why populations, not individual organisms, experience evolution due to natural selection across generations.
Antibiotics are chemical medicines used to kill bacteria. If a population of bacteria is exposed to the right kind of antibiotic, most of them will be killed.
If doctors use the same antibiotic chemical for an extended period of time, the bacteria will oftenbecome resistant to the antibiotic, and survive!
Explain why this is a good example for natural selection, adaptation, and evolution.
The above image shows a strange structure, discovered by a graduate student doing research on parrots in the Amazon rain forest. Several have been found in the area, but so far, no scientists have been able to identify which species of organism builds it – sort of like a picket-fence surrounding a tower!
From Wired Magazine: “Troy Alexander,a graduate student at Georgia Tech, spotted the first of these structures on June 7. The little, seemingly woven fence was parked on the underside of a blue tarp near theTambopata Research Center, in southeastern Peru. He later spotted three more of the bizarre enclosures on tree trunks in the jungle… He described the fences as small – about 2 centimeters across — and posted a second photo of the structure on (a website) last week, hoping someone could explain the origin of the fortified mini-Maypoles.
“But it turns out that even scientists who study such things haven’t a clue.
“I have no idea what made it, or even what it is,” said William Eberhard, an entomologist with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
“I’ve seen the photo, but have no idea what animal might be responsible,” echoed Norm Platnick, curator emeritus of spiders at the American Museum of Natural History.
“I don’t know what it is,” said arachnologist Linda Rayor, of Cornell University. “My guess is something like a lacewing, but I don’t really know.”
Suspecting that some sort of Lepidopteran (a butterfly or moth) might be responsible for the design, we’ve begun querying entomologists who specialize in these organisms. “I have no idea,” said Todd Gilligan of Colorado State University, and president of The Lepidopterists’ Society. “Some moths construct an ‘egg fence’ around eggs, using scales from the abdomen to protect the eggs,” he said. “So constructing fences around objects isn’t unheard of, but I haven’t seen anything like this before.”
** Suggest some ways (observations? experiments?) that researchers could try to figure out what sort of organism built these structures.
** Suggest some reasons why this information would be useful, to human society as a whole. Why should we even try to figure it out?