Nitrate Leaching As a Function of Plant Community Richness and Composition, and the Scaling
Nitrate Leaching as a Function of Plant Community Richness and Composition, and the Scaling of Soil Nutrients, in a Restored Temperate Grassland
Marcus A. Bingham1 and Mario Biondini2
Authors are 1 Doctoral candidate, Department of Forest Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4Canada, and 2 Professor,School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, FargoND58105, USA.
Correspondance: Marcus A. Bingham, , Department of Forest Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada. E-mail: . Phone: 778-786-8255. Fax: 604-822-9102
Submitted to Plant Ecology
Appendix B. Additional table listing species and their parameters used in the experiment.
Online Resource2. Species used in the experiment. FF represents the functional form types derived by Levang-Brilz and Biondini (2002) based on the morphological and physiological characteristics listed in this table., and ρ are scaling constants that relate root biomass (RB[g]) to root lateral spread (RLS[m] =*RB) and root surface area (RSA [m2] =*RB),whileτ is a scaling constant for root plasticity (τ=0 no plasticity) derived by Biondini (2001) using data from Johnson and Biondini (2001). R:S is the average root to shoot ratio for plants grown under a high (1 ppm) and low (32 ppm) N treatments (Levang-Brilz and Biondini 2002); RGR is the average relative growth rate (g.g-1.d-1) for above ground biomass and total plant biomass; NUEis the average N use efficiency (g.gN-1) for plant grown under a high and low N treatments; PUE is the P use efficiency (g.gP-1); and Imax-N and Imax-P are the maximum N or P uptake rate per unit of RSA (g.m-2.d-1). Nomenclature follows the Great Plains Flora Association (1986). NOTE: α and η are simple constants from the regression analyses used to derive and ρ. They are not reported, since in contrast to the scaling constants and ρ,they are biomass dependent, i.e. the log log regression intercept depends on the biomass of the species at the time, while the slope does not. Thus they were not used in this analysis or in the other biodiversity analyses on the same experiment dealing with biomass and biomass stability (Biondini 2007) and mycorrhizal hyphal length (Bingham and Biondini 2009).Species / C3/C4 / FF / β / ρ / R:S / RGR / NUE / PUE / Imax-N / Imax-P / τ
Grasses
Agropyron cristatum / C3 / G1 / 0.007 / 0.589 / 0.81 / 0.11 / 44.41 / 181.03 / 0.3576 / 0.1082 / 0.28
Agropyron spicatum / C3 / G3 / 0.527 / 0.593 / 1.01 / 0.11 / 45.85 / 168.50 / 0.7674 / 0.2222 / 0.13
Andropogon gerardii / C4 / G1 / 0.515 / 0.746 / 1.57 / 0.10 / 71.46 / 251.04 / 0.1961 / 0.0669 / 0.08
Bouteloua curtipendula / C4 / G2 / 0.631 / 0.326 / 0.55 / 0.13 / 60.02 / 244.34 / 0.1628 / 0.0522 / 0.02
Bouteloua gracilis / C4 / G2 / 0.584 / 0.368 / 0.76 / 0.09 / 50.75 / 153.60 / 0.3927 / 0.0671 / 0.00
Bromus inermis / C3 / G1 / 0.496 / 1.066 / 0.71 / 0.11 / 71.96 / 173.48 / 0.3695 / 0.0855 / 0.08
Calamovilfa longifolia / C4 / G3 / 0.372 / 0.289 / 0.68 / 0.11 / 54.66 / 262.83 / 0.3289 / 0.0756 / 0.25
Elymus canadensis / C3 / G3 / 0.439 / 0.473 / 1.09 / 0.13 / 55.18 / 190.45 / 1.3480 / 0.3221 / 0.34
Hordeum jubatum / C3 / G1 / 0.667 / 0.719 / 0.87 / 0.15 / 54.58 / 129.28 / 0.2433 / 0.0641 / 0.27
Koeleria cristata / C3 / G2 / 0.476 / 0.556 / 0.49 / 0.10 / 55.69 / 152.26 / 0.0635 / 0.0202 / 0.29
Panicum virgatum / C4 / G1 / 0.202 / 0.884 / 0.61 / 0.10 / 50.79 / 131.91 / 0.1359 / 0.0485 / 0.24
Poa pratensis / C3 / G2 / 0.544 / 0.296 / 0.70 / 0.13 / 52.43 / 149.07 / 0.1501 / 0.0521 / 0.39
Schizachyrium scoparium / C4 / G1 / 0.534 / 0.697 / 0.98 / 0.11 / 62.69 / 250.78 / 0.2043 / 0.0611 / 0.31
Sorghastrum nutans / C4 / G1 / 0.348 / 0.514 / 0.98 / 0.09 / 71.76 / 201.86 / 0.4986 / 0.1439 / 0.00
Sporobolus cryptandrus / C4 / G3 / 0.443 / 0.434 / 1.05 / 0.14 / 48.14 / 185.95 / 1.3337 / 0.3761 / 0.36
Stipa comata / C3 / G2 / 0.668 / 0.479 / 0.74 / 0.06 / 43.22 / 190.16 / 0.2413 / 0.0646 / 0.26
Stipa viridula / C3 / G2 / 0.602 / 0.358 / 0.66 / 0.10 / 53.55 / 225.76 / 1.0824 / 0.2198 / 0.00
Forbs
Achillea millefolium / C3 / F1 / 0.411 / 0.968 / 1.67 / 0.14 / 39.42 / 98.14 / 0.4363 / 0.1517 / 0.92
Allium stellatum / C3 / F2 / 0.532 / 0.569 / 1.85 / 0.06 / 52.20 / 141.27 / 0.1190 / 0.0281 / 0.10
Artemisia dracunculoides / C3 / F1 / 0.588 / 0.703 / 0.39 / 0.13 / 43.20 / 146.88 / 0.8507 / 0.2529 / 0.15
Artemisia frigida / C3 / F3 / 0.376 / 0.794 / 0.44 / 0.09 / 50.88 / 142.78 / 0.8166 / 0.0739 / 0.45
Asclepias verticillata / C3 / F1 / 0.338 / 0.595 / 1.07 / 0.09 / 66.14 / 123.01 / 0.4105 / 0.1241 / 0.39
Aster ericoides / C3 / F3 / 0.488 / 0.623 / 0.96 / 0.12 / 33.08 / 142.82 / 1.3150 / 0.4292 / 0.50
Astragalus canadensis / C3 / F3 / 0.726 / 0.401 / 1.97 / 0.13 / 44.36 / 144.55 / 2.9724 / 0.7098 / 0.57
Chrysopsis villosa / C3 / F1 / 0.478 / 0.461 / 0.75 / 0.09 / 38.60 / 127.01 / 0.1858 / 0.0345 / 0.76
Cirsium arvense / C3 / F1 / 0.584 / 0.718 / 0.98 / 0.11 / 63.31 / 114.99 / 0.2466 / 0.1083 / 0.03
Coreopsis lanceolata / C3 / F1 / 0.317 / 0.618 / 0.67 / 0.11 / 52.34 / 163.83 / 0.3450 / 0.0737 / 0.35
Dalea purpurea / C3 / F3 / 0.932 / 0.853 / 0.90 / 0.09 / 38.93 / 121.61 / 1.9311 / 0.5538 / 0.73
Gaillardia aristata / C3 / F1 / 0.170 / 0.969 / 0.95 / 0.08 / 32.44 / 96.28 / 0.2267 / 0.0750 / 0.85
Galium boreale / C3 / F2 / 0.368 / 0.567 / 1.42 / 0.08 / 87.28 / 249.76 / 0.0817 / 0.0185 / 0.25
Geum triflorum / C3 / F1 / 0.410 / 0.703 / 0.67 / 0.08 / 53.80 / 127.38 / 0.3213 / 0.0850 / 0.33
Grindelia squarrosa / C3 / F3 / 0.449 / 0.580 / 0.89 / 0.14 / 39.26 / 95.99 / 0.7372 / 0.2184 / 0.82
Helianthus maximilliana / C3 / F3 / 0.590 / 0.325 / 0.92 / 0.13 / 44.66 / 97.03 / 0.7170 / 0.3607 / 0.81
Helianthus rigidus / C3 / F1 / 0.211 / 0.596 / 0.81 / 0.09 / 31.31 / 65.97 / 0.3629 / 0.0912 / 0.30
Linum perenne / C3 / F3 / 0.113 / 0.618 / 2.52 / 0.09 / 46.58 / 158.57 / 0.1931 / 0.0456 / 0.27
Lupinus perennis / C3 / F1 / 1.260 / 1.000 / 1.19 / 0.10 / 50.36 / 98.67 / 0.6303 / 0.2251 / 1.15
Melilotus officinalis / C3 / F1 / 0.559 / 1.076 / 2.78 / 0.14 / 42.94 / 82.54 / 1.2851 / 0.1579 / 0.38
Oenothera biennis / C3 / F3 / 0.355 / 0.258 / 1.11 / 0.19 / 81.00 / 87.14 / 1.3504 / 0.6483 / 0.56
Potentilla arguta / C3 / F1 / 0.358 / 1.001 / 0.46 / 0.10 / 47.20 / 153.39 / 0.3926 / 0.1058 / 0.25
Ratibida columnifera / C3 / F1 / 0.411 / 0.802 / 0.41 / 0.10 / 41.75 / 87.56 / 0.9931 / 0.3586 / 0.50
Rosa arkansana / C3 / F3 / 0.455 / 0.456 / 0.64 / 0.18 / 59.83 / 346.72 / 2.0071 / 0.3075 / 1.08
Rudbeckia hirta / C3 / F1 / 0.647 / 0.703 / 0.64 / 0.12 / 49.59 / 113.30 / 1.0892 / 0.2979 / 0.80
Solidago missouriensis / C3 / F1 / 0.526 / 0.121 / 0.69 / 0.10 / 38.33 / 264.75 / 0.0297 / 0.0025 / 0.72
Solidago rigida / C3 / F1 / 0.245 / 0.790 / 1.21 / 0.10 / 59.12 / 137.05 / 0.3477 / 0.0882 / 0.42
Taraxacum officinale / C3 / F1 / 0.348 / 1.073 / 0.72 / 0.12 / 53.88 / 136.76 / 0.5504 / 0.0875 / 0.61
Tragopogon dubius / C3 / F1 / 0.578 / 0.920 / 0.77 / 0.10 / 41.33 / 110.82 / 0.6571 / 0.2260 / 0.00
Verbena stricta / C3 / F1 / 0.283 / 0.766 / 0.59 / 0.11 / 36.70 / 110.46 / 0.5721 / 0.1693 / 1.59
Vicia americana / C3 / F1 / 0.356 / 0.545 / 1.01 / 0.08 / 38.17 / 102.65 / 0.4790 / 0.1797 / 0.79