Key Terms and Concepts Chapter 5: Memory Structures and Processes
Key Terms and Concepts Chapter 5: Memory Structures and Processes
Case Study of Clive Wearing
Memory Processes (encoding, storage and retrieval)
Information processing view – processes compared to (analogous to) a computer.
Modal Model of Memory
Sensory Memory
Sperling (1960) Whole report and partial report study
What do the results tell us?
Capacity of Sensory memory
Duration of iconic memory
Duration of other sensory modalities of memory (echoic and Tactile)
Two stage Model of Sensory Memory
-How does it explain differences in duration of Modalities of sensory memory?
Neuroscience and Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory (STM) – view of memory as a storage unit.
Maintenance Rehearsal
George Millers (1956) – Magic number 7+/- 2 - STM capacity
STM Span
Chunks
Factors that affect Memory span
Pronunciation time (# of syllables)
Chuck size
Peterson and Peterson (1959) study
Duration of STM
Forgetting from STM
Passage of time without rehearsal
Interference (retroactive and proactive)
Are STM and LTM Different stores? - evidence from Case studies (Double Dissociation)
Long Term Memory (LTM)
Bahrick, Bahrick, & Witlinger, 197 – 50 years of memory
Recall vs. recognition
Bahrick et al. (2008). College student’s memory for academic grades.
Permastore
Capacity and Duration
Types of LTM
Episodic Memory
Autobiographical
Non-autobiographical
Role of Medial Temporal Lobe
Semantic Memory
Neurological
Procedural Memory
Neurological
-Clive Wearing Case Study
-Dressing Apraxia
-HM
Working Memory – place where work is done with information.
Central Executive
Dysexecutive syndrome
Storage Systems
Visuospatial sketch pad
-Shepard and Metzler (1971) Mental Rotation Studies
Phonological loop
-Word similarity effect
-Articulatory Suppression effect
-Word length effect
– and language
Dual task studies that show the storage systems each have limited capacity and are independent (do not interfere with each other).
Episodic Buffer
Evidence this is a separate store
Evidence from case studies
Working Memory Capacity
Reading Span
Operation Span
Relationship to Fluid and Crystalized intelligence
Retrieval from LTM
Intentional vs. incidental memory tasks
Explicit Memory
Recall vs. Recognition tests
Eagle and Leiter (1964) study
Implicit Memory
Priming Demonstration done in class
Jacoby (1988) – becoming famous overnight study
Capgras Delusion
Prospective Memory vs. Retrospective memory
Components of the PRMQ
Age and Memory
Stages of PM
Event –based and Time-based Tasks
Self-initiating Processes
Specificity of Targets
Improving PM
External Aids
How to have people remind you
Unexpected Interruptions
Multitasking
How to remind yourself