Introducing with Computer:
Computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.
We can also say computer is a electronic device That convert data into information. The modern computer is digital (where two digits combine to make data). But older computer are analog.
Type of computer:
We can divide computer many According to use of it.
According to individual use...
1. Desktop computer
2. Workstation
3. Notebook computer
4. Tablet computer
5. Handheld computer
6. Smart phones
According to use for organization...
1. Network servers
2. Mainframe Computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Micro Computer
5. Super Computer
Mandatory part of a Computer
A Computer have four compulsary part. This are…
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. User
Hardware:
Hardware is the mechanical device of computer that anything can be touched. The main hardware device of a computer are Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, CPU, Printer, scanner.
Software:
Software is the one kind of program that tell the computer what work need to do. Mainly in computer there are two type of software.
1. System software
2. Operating Software
Data:
Data means pieces of information which is modified and observed by computer. There are many kinds of data. Logical, Mathematical, Statistical are most common type of data.
User:
User means people who operate the computer .He is the most important part of computer. He tells the computer what to do.
How computer process Data?
To process data a computer follows a particular sequence.
At first computer take input from input device. This Input is converted in machine language. Then this input go to the processing area. Processor process data and ready to send out put device. Output device take the process information and show it to user .After taking this output user can store it in storage device.
The basic Hardware part of a computer:
We can divide it with..
1. Input device
2. Output device
3. Memory device
4. Processor
5. Input/output device
Input device:
By input device user tell the computer what need to do. Now we will discuss some input device.
Mouse:
In all modern computers there is a mouse to give input easily. In this system we show a mouse pointer in the screen. With moving the mouse, pointer is also move. By mouse user can select, drag. We can divide mouse with various class. As like…
1. Optical mouse
2. Ball mouse.
3. Track pads
Optical mouse:
In this kinds of mouse A LED and light emit sensor circuit is used. When mouse move on pad, then light reflecting from the pad. This reflected light is sense by a sensor and realized the situation. There are two or more then two button is used to operate it.
Ball mouse:
The operation of ball mouse is same to optical mouse. But here ball is used not LED. By movement of mouse the ball is also moving and sense it position. Here two or more then two button is used to operate it.
Track pad:
This type of mouse is use in Laptop or Notebook. Here a finger touch sensor field is used. User can move pointer by finger moves across the pad.
Key board:
In this system there are some key by which user can give input to the computer. In key board there are some groups of key is used. As like Function key, Numerical key etc.
How keyboard works
– Keyboard controller detects a key press
– Controller sends a code to the CPU
• Code represents the key pressed
– Controller notifies the operating system
– Operating system responds
– Controller repeats the letter if held
Output device:
By output device computer publish his performance to the user. Now we will discuss some input device.
Monitor:
The most common output device of computer is monitor. By monitor user can shows of output. There are two type of monitor. These are…
1. CRT Monitor
2. LCD Monitor
CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor:
In this type of monitor Cathode Ray Tube is used. This type of monitor is large in size and so heavy. It use a lot of electricity.
LCD (Liquid crystal Display) :
This type of monitor commonly found on laptops. It solve the problem of CRT.
Printer:
In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source
Storage device:
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.
There are many kinds of storage device…
1. Magnetic storage
2. Optical storage
3. Electrical
Magnetic storage
Magnetic storage and magnetic recording are terms from engineering referring to the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetization in a magnetically material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory. The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads. As of 2009, magnetic storage media, primarily hard disks, are widely used to store computer data as well as audio and video signals. In the field of computing, the term magnetic storage is preferred and in the field of audio and video production, the term magnetic recording is more commonly used
Optical storage
Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light, usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform. There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development.
Computer networking:
Computer networking or Data communications (is the engineering discipline concerned with the communication between computer systems or devices. A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data
1. LAN ( local Area Network)
2. WAN (Wide Area Network)
3. MAN (Metropolitan area network ).
Local area network (LAN)
A local area network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small number of people. A peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used. A peer-to-peer network is where each client shares their resources with other workstations in the network.
Wide area network (WAN)
A wide area network is a network where a wide variety of resources are deployed across a large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a WAN is the Internet, which is a network composed of many smaller networks.