Evolution and Diversity Biol 1010C Exam Section IV

1. The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is:
A. Ethology
B. Ecology
C. Entomology
D. Ergonomics
E. Etiology

2. A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time such that they have the potential to interbreedis a(n):
A. Community
B. Ecosystem
C. Flock
D. Population
E. Herd

3. The physical, geographic and climatic, location where members of a populationlive is termed its:
A. Biome
B. Range
C. Habitat
D. Community
E. Ecosystem

4.All of the organisms together, regardless of species, in a given location or area is termed a:
A.Community
B.Peer group
C.Flock
D.Population
E.Herd

5.The number of individuals of a particular species per unit area (or volume) of a particular habitat at a particular time is:
A.its carrying capacity
B.A community
C.A volumetric sample
D.its population dynamics
E.Its population density

6.The movement of individuals into a particular population is termed:
A.Immigration
B.Emigration
C.Expatriation
D.Random dispersal
E.Clumping

7.The ways by which members are added to or removed from a population include:
A.Birth
B.Death
C.Emigration
D.Immigration
E.All of the above are correct

8.The number of new individuals born into a population per unit time is its:
A.Immigration rate
B.Emigration rate
C.Birth rate
D.Death rate
E.Expatriation rate

9.The number of individuals that are killed in a population per unit time is its:
A.Immigration rate
B.Emigration rate
C.Birth rate
D.Death rate
E.Expatriation rate

10.A population age structure diagram showing roughly equal numbers in each age group, as in Australia, depicts a:
A.Stable population
B.Growing population
C.Declining population
D.Population facing extinction
E.Very small population size

11.In a survivorship curve, a type I species, those that are often K-selected, is a species that:
A.Has an equal probability of dying at any age
B.Has a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time
C.Is characteristic of most invertebrates, most plants, and many fish
D.Has an extremely short life span, with little parental care
E.Has the highest probability of dying at a very old age, and produces few offspring with lots of parental care

12.In a survivorship curve, a type III species, those that are usually “r-selected,” is a species that:
A.Has an equal probability of dying at any age
B.Has a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time
C.Is characteristic of most large mammals, like elephants, and the biggest plant species, like sequoia trees
D.Has an extremely long life span, with lots of parental care
E.Has the highest probability of dying at a very young age, and produces many offspring with little parental care

13.A growth pattern where the number of new individuals is proportional to the size of the population at any given time:
A.Is exponential (doubling) growth, and when plotted over time yields a J-shaped curve
B.Is logistic growth (plateauing), and when plotted over time yields a S-shaped curve
C.Is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a population
D.Is a population experiencing extinction
E.Doesn’t exist

14.The maximum number of individuals that a particular habitat can support indefinitely is the habitat's:
A.Carrying capacity
B.Density factor
C.Growth yield
D.Environmental load
E.Dispersion rate

15.A population growth curve that depicts the leveling off of a population in response to environmental resistance:
A.Is exponential (doubling) growth, and when plotted over time yields a J-shaped curve
B.Is logistic growth (plateauing), and when plotted over time yields a S-shaped curve
C.Is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a population
D.Is a population experiencing extinction
E.Doesn’t exist

16.Density-dependent factors that affect a population's growth by exerting effects related to population density are:
A.Volcanoes
B.Floods
C.Earthquakes
D.Oil spills
E.Infectious disease

17.A species that is so important to its community (such as the sea otter) that their removal can dismantle a food web is termed a:
A.Capstone species
B.Keystone species
C.Flagstone species
D.Cobblestone species
E.Cornerstone species

18.All the organisms plus the nonliving components of a defined area is a(n):
A.Population
B.Community
C.Habitat
D.Niche
E.Ecosystem

19.Abiotic components of an ecosystem include:
A.Nonliving components only
B.Living components only
C.Both nonliving and living components
D.Only plant life
E.Only animal life

20.A genetic change in one species that selects for a subsequent change in a different species is termed:
A.Genetic dispersion
B.Coevolution
C.Gene dynamics
D.Competitive exclusion
E.Evolutionary dynamics

21.The total of all the resources, both biotic and abiotic, a species exploits for its survival, growth and reproduction is its:
A.Competitive zone
B.Habitat
C.Niche
D.Food web
E.Biosphere

22.When two or more species vie for the same limited resource ______occurs.
A.Symbiosis
B.Coevolution
C.Stotting
D.Succession
E.Competition

23.In ______multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.
A.Symbiotic inclusion
B.Resource partitioning
C.Mutualsim
D.Intraspecific competition
E.None of the above are correct

24.The ______states that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche:
A.Endosymbiotic theory
B.Zonal exclusion theory
C.Co-inclusion principle
D.Second law of thermodynamics
E.Competitive exclusion principle

25.A relationship between different species in which one species lives in or on another is:
A.Resource partitioning
B.Coevolution
C.Symbiosis
D.Predation
E.Niche sharing

26.A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is:
A.Predation
B.Mutualism
C.Parasitism
D.Commensalism
E.Intraspecific competition

27.A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits with no effect on the other is:
A.Predation
B.Mutualism
C.Parasitism
D.Commensalism
E.Intraspecific competition

28.A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits and the other is harmed is:
A.Predation
B.Mutualism
C.Parasitism
D.Commensalism
E.Intraspecific competition

29.Prey species often have adaptations that help them avoid being eaten. These adaptations do not include:
A.Camouflage
B.Warning coloration
C.Mimicry
D.Distasteful chemical secretions
E.Parasitism

30.A gradual change in a community's species composition, occurring as competing organisms respond to and modify the physical environment is termed:
A.Ecological succession
B.Ecological completion
C.Ecological conversion
D.Ecological climax
E.Ecological magnification

31.In ecology a community that remains fairly constant over time is referred to as a:
A.Successful community
B.Keystone community
C.Climax community
D.Primary community
E.Tertiary community

32.The type of succession that occurs in an area where no community at all previously existed is ______.
A.Keystone succession
B.Tertiary succession
C.Secondary succession
D.Primary succession
E.Climax succession

33.A food chain is a series of organisms that:
A.Share the same niche
B.Successively eat one another
C.Exhibit mutualism with each other
D.Share the same energy source
E.Succeed one another as a climax community develops

34.An organism's ______is its position in the food chain, relative to the ecosystem's energy source.
A.Trophic level
B.Habitat
C.Niche
D.Climax level
E.Keystone level

35.An organism that can use energy and inorganic substances to produce all the organic material it requires is a(n):
A.Heterotroph
B.Herbivore
C.Predator
D.Consumer
E.Autotroph

36.Organisms that obtain their energy from producers or other consumers are:
A.Autotrophs
B.Plants
C.Heterotrophs
D.Producer
E.Chemolithotrophs

37.Decomposers do not:
A.Obtain nutrients from detritus
B.Return organic molecules to their inorganic form
C.Include bacteria
D.Include fungi
E.include scavengers

38.The "net primary productivity" is:
A.The amount of energy available for consumers to eat
B.The amount of energy used in metabolism by producers
C.The amount of energy given off as heat by producers
D.The total amount of energy trapped by the autotrophs of an ecosystem
E.The amount of energy coming from the Sun

39.Biomagnification usually happens for chemicals that:
A.Quickly degrade in the environment
B.Do not dissolve in fat
C.Dissolve in water
D.All of the above are correct
E.Are not readily degraded

40.Which of the following in not a way that carbon returns to the atmosphere:
A.As carbon dioxide
B.From plant respiration
C.From animal respiration
D.By the burning of fossil fuels
E.By the formation of fossil fuels

41.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert N2 into ______.
A.Ammonia
B.Oxygen
C.Water
D.Carbon dioxide
E.Methane

42.Producers in hydrothermal vent ecosystems:
A.Use water as their source of energy
B.Use sunlight as their source of energy
C.Are corals
D.Are tube worms
E.Are chemolithotrophic Archaea and Bacteria

43.The biosphere is defined as:
A.The portion of the atmosphere above Earth where life exists
B.The portion of the ocean on Earth where life exists
C.The portion of the Earth where life exists
D.The portion of land on Earth where life exists
E.The portion of fresh water on Earth where life exists

44.The major types of ecosystems are termed:
A.Habitats
B.Niches
C.Biospheres
D.Biomes
E.Terrestrial zones

45.On Earth, solar energy is most intense at:
A.The equator
B.The South Pole
C.The North Pole
D.60 degrees North latitude
E.60 degrees South latitude

46.The different seasons of the year are due to:
A.The rotation of the Earth around the sun
B.The rotation of the Earth on its axis
C.The rotation of the moon around the Earth
D.The gravitational pull of the moon as it travels around the Earth
E.The tilt of the Earth's axis as Earth travels around the sun

47.The rain shadow associated with mountains:
A.Has no effect on local weather patterns
B.Causes it to be darker on one side of a mountain than the other
C.Has a wetter climate than the other side of the mountain
D.Is on the upwind (windward) side
E.Is on the downwind (leeward) side

48.An edge beyond which trees will not grow is:
A.Is determined by clear cuts
B.Has nothing to do with the altitude
C.Has nothing to do with the temperature
D.Has nothing to do with the amount of moisture
E.A timberline (a.k.a. treeline)

49.Which of the following is not characteristic of a tropical rain forest?
A.Nutrient rich soil
B.Warm and wet climate
C.A year-round growing season for plants
D.A tremendous diversity of animal life
E.They are positioned near the equator

50.The taiga:
A.Has an extended growing season (more than six months)
B.Has nutrient-rich soil
C. Is one of the smallest biomes of the Earth
D.Is also called the northern coniferous forest
E.Is also called the boreal forest

51.Grassland biomes:
A.Never occur in the tropical regions of the Earth
B.Are seldom in temperate regions of the Earth
C.Make terrible farmland
D.Have nutrient poor soils
E.Often sustain herds of large grazing animals

52.Deserts are:
A.Seldom located in cold areas of the Earth
B.Seldom located along the 30th parallel, North or South
C.Seldom associated with rain shadow effects
D.Almost always nearly devoid of life
E.Defined by the amount of moisture they receive

53.Which of the following is not a characteristic of tundra?
A.High latitude
B.Conifers
C.Permafrost
D.Mosses
E.Short growing season for plants

54.Water covers about ______percent of the Earth's surface.
A.30
B.40
C.50
D.70
E.80

55.The shallow shoreline region of a lake where enough light reaches the bottom for photosynthesis to occur is the:
A.Littoral zone
B.Limnetic zone
C.Profundal zone
D.Pelagic zone
E.Benthic zone

56.The layer of open water in a lake where light penetrates and most of the photosynthetic phytoplankton live is the:
A.Littoral zone
B.Limnetic zone
C.Profundal zone
D.Pelagic zone
E.Benthic zone

57.The deepest region of lake water where light does not penetrate is the:
A.Littoral zone
B.Limnetic zone
C.Profundal zone
D.Pelagic zone
E.Benthic zone

58.The sediment at the lake bottom is the:
A.Littoral zone
B.Limnetic zone
C.Profundal zone
D.Pelagic zone
E.Benthic zone

59.Older lakes that are nutrient rich and have high productivity are termed:
A.Eutrophic
B.Oligotrophic
C.Polytrophic
D.Benthic
E.Pelagic

60.Oceans:
A.Are all one, uniform ecosystem
B.Cover 90% of the Earth's surface
C.Contribute insignificant amounts of oxygen to Earth's atmosphere
D.Destabilize the Earth's climate
E.Overall are the Earth's largest biome

61.The area where the fresh water of a river meets the salty ocean is a(n):
A.Intertidal zone
B.Estuary
C.Continental shelf
D.Pelagic zone
E.Benthic zone

62.Along coastlines, the area between high tide and low tide is the:
A.Benthic zone
B.Littoral zone
C.Intertidal zone
D.Neritic zone
E.Pelagic zone

63.The area of an ocean consisting of all the water above the ocean floor is the:
A.Benthic zone
B.Pelagic zone
C.Intertidal zone
D.Neritic zone
E.Littoral zone

64.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode that we watched in class the biome that was shown is known as the:
A.Tropical rainforest
B.Tropical grasssland
C.Taiga
D.Savannah
E.Temperate forest

65.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode the monkeys eating fruit in the fig trees were an example of:
A.Secondary succession
B.Symbiosis
C.Parasitism
D.A Type I survivorship curve
E.Resource partitioning

66.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode the relationship between the spider and the Pitcher Plant was an example of:
A.Parasitism
B.Commensalism
C.The competition exclusion principle
D.A predator prey relationship
E.Endosymbiosis

67.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode when the huge old tree fell and lots of plants quickly grew illustrates:
A.Primary succession
B.Coevolution
C.Competition
D.Symbiosis
E.Biomagnification

68.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode the Cordyceps fungi’s relationship with the ants is an example of:
A.Mutualism
B.Parasitism
C.Commensalism
D.Endosymbiosis
E.Primary succession

69.In the Planet Earth Jungle episode the elephants were at the water hole to:
A.Mate
B.Catch some rays
C.Eat bentonite
D.Die
E.Give birth

70.Dr. Kevin Peterson is:
A.A scientist that gave a lecture at VSU
B.A medical doctor that built the first artificial heart
C.An actor on television
D.A veterinarian that works on zoo animals
E.An astronaut that went to the moon

71.The “Cambrian Explosion” was:
A.The huge impact event the caused the extinction of the dinosaurs
B.The bombing of Hiroshima at the end of World War II
C.The relatively fast appearance of all the major phyla of animals
D.Human caused
E.An insignificant event

72.MicroRNAs are:
A.Usually encoded within exons
B.Processed into transfer RNAs
C.Important in the negative regulation of protein coding genes
D.Important in the positive regulation of protein coding genes
E.A part of the ribosome

73.Molecular paleobiolgy:
A.Combines molecular biology and geology
B.Combines archeology and chemistry
C.Combines anthropology and physics
D.Has not made any contributions to science
E.Has been around as a scientific discipline since Darwin’s time

74. What did you fill in on the side of the computerized answer sheet?

A. My name (last name first), the course and section number, and the date

B. Nothing!

C. Something illegible!

D. Only my name!

E. None of the above are correct.