Name: Date: Per:

Essential Vocabulary Review-Fall ACP

Directions: Use the word bank provided to fill in the correct term for each given definition/explanation. The terms and the word bank are broken up by era.

Term / Definition/Explanation
Era: Beginning of Great Depression
1.  Great Depression / Time period from 1929 to 1940, in which the US economy was in severe decline and millions of Americans were unemployed
2.  Black Tuesday / Name given to October 29,1929, when the stock market prices fell dramatically (stock market crash) marking the beginning of the Great Depression
3.  Causes of Depression / Decline of worldwide trade after after WWI, high levels of consumer debt (buying on installment plan), speculation and buying on margin
4.  Dust Bowl / Areas of Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas hard-hit by drought and Dust storms in the 1930s
Era: World War I and the Roaring 20s
5.  Scopes Trial / 1925 trial over the teaching of evolution in Tennessee
6.  Flapper / One of the free-thinking young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s
7.  Red Scare / Fear of communist takeover of America in the 1920s. The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti is a major example of this era.
8.  Isolationism / Opposition to political entanglements with other countries
9.  Nationalism / Devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation (a cause of WWI)
10. Imperialism / Policy of extending national influence over other countries by political, economic, or military means (a cause of WWI)
11. Militarism / The policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy
12. Alliance Systems / An associations (groups) of nations that work together for their common interest (friendship between countries)
13. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare / German policy during WWI of using their submarines against all ships in the Atlantic Ocean – a major reason the U.S. joined the war
14. Trench warfare / Military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield
15. Reparations / The compensation (money) paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during a war
16. Fourteen Points / The principles making up President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace following World War I
17. League of Nations / An association of nations est. in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace
18. Great Migration / Large scale ovement of African-Americans from the South to Northern cities in the early 20th century
19. Treaty of Versailles / 1919 peace treaty at the end of World War I which established new nations, borders, war reparations, and required Germany to accept full responsibility for the war
Era: Imperialism – America becomes a World Power
20. Spanish-American War / 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain involving control of Cuba.
Causes include Sinking of the USS Maine and Yellow Journalism are major causes.
US wins an takes control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam (but not Cuba)
21. U.S.S. Maine / American battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor (Cuba) – its sinking was a major cause of the Spanish-American War
22. Yellow Journalism / The use of sensational and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers
23. Panama Canal / Artificial waterway built to facilitate travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
24. Big stick Diplomacy / Theodore Roosevelt’s belief that the United States could and should use force if necessary to back up diplomatic negotiations
25. Roosevelt Corollary / An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, under which the U.S. claimed the right to militarily protect its economic interests in the Western Hemisphere
Era: Progressives
26. Jim Crow Laws / Southern laws that separated whites and blacks and made discrimination against African-Americans the law
27. Plessy v. Ferguson / 1896 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal – est. the “separate but equal” doctrine
28. Suffrage/Suffrage / The right to vote
29. Initiative / A way for people rather than legislatures to originate laws
30. Referendum / A way for a proposed law to be voted on by the people
31. Recall / A way for people to remove public officials from office
32. Populism/Populist Party / A late-19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers
33. Farmers’ Alliance / Groups of farmers, or those in sympathy with farming issues, who educated people about agricultural and rural issues
34. Gold Standard / Monetary system in which a country’s currency is valued at a fixed sum of gold
35. Muckrakers / One of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s
36. prohibition / Banning of the manufacture, sale, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages
Era: Gilded Age-Industrialism, Urbanization, and Immigration
37. Mass production / to make products in large quantities usually by machinery
38. Urban / Having to do with cities and city-life
39. Rural / Having to do with the countryside, generally agricultural
40. Labor / Workers
41. Labor union / an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions
42. Socialism / Economic and political system of limited government ownership of business and property and equal distribution of wealth
43. Strike / A work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands
44. American Federation of Labor (AFL) / An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886
45. Immigration / Movement of foreigners into a country
46. Nativism / Favoring the interests of native-born people over those of immigrants
47. Chinese Exclusion Act / Law enacted in 1882 that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States
48. Migration / The movement of people within a country
49. Push-pull factor / Conditions in different countries that encourage people to immigrate
50. industrialization / The growth of manufacturing and mechanized mass production
51. Urbanization / Growth of cities
52. Social Gospel Movement / 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
53. Tenements / Multifamily urban dwellings, usually overcrowded and unsanitary
54. “Big Business” / Powerful industrial businesses – often controlled by “Robber Barons” – very influential in government and economics
55. Gilded Age / Era of booming industry, growth of cities, high immigration, and political corruption during the late 1800s
56. Political Machine / An organized group that controls a poltical party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support
57. Social Darwinism / Application of Charles Darwin’s natural philosophy of survival of the fittest to support unlimited business competition, and the power of some groups over others
58. Graft / The illegal use of political influence for personal gain
59. Monopolies / Companies with complete control of an entire industry
60. Bessemer Process / Cheap, efficient way to make steel, developed around 1850
Era: Civil War and Westward Expansion
61. States’ rights / Idea that the states should have the final say on laws and decisions, rather than the national government – often used as a reason to allow the continuation of slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and segregation
62. Sectionalism / Placing regional interests above national interests, era before the Civil War in which tension was building between the northern and southern regions of the US
63. Nullification Theory / John C. Calhoun’s idea that a state can refuse to recognize an act of Congress it considers illegal
64. Reconstruction / Period of rebuilding after the Civil War, former Confederate States readmitted to the union
65. Transcontinental Railroad / A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869
66. Manifest Destiny / 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably spread to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican Territory
Era: American Revolution and Constitution
67. Declaration of Independence / The document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared the colonies’ independence from Britain
68. Taxation Without Representation / A major grievance of the American colonists against the British crown – taxes were being placed on the colonists by Parliament, but the colonists had no elected representatives in Congress to speak for their interests
69. U.S. Constitution / The highest authority of American law – created in 1787 as a replacement for the Articles of Confederation
70. Individual rights / Rights included in the Constitution that protect Americans from abuses of government power
71. Republicanism / Form of government in which the citizens rule through elected representatives
72. Popular sovereignty / Idea that the authority of government is held by the people through their right to vote
73. Separation of Powers / Government’s powers are divided into three branches – Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, each with their own specific responsibilities
74. Checks and Balances / System that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
75. Limited Government / Government should not be so powerful that it can take away your rights
76. Federalism / System that divides power between the national and state governments
77. Bill of Rights / First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting Americans from government abuse (includes fundamental freedoms like religion, speech, press, and rights of the accused)
Dates
78. 1776 / American Revolution
79. 1787 / Wrtiting of the Constitution
80. 1861-65 / Civil War
81. 1898 / Spanish-American War
82. 1914-1918 / World War I
83. 1929 / Stock Market Crash marks beginning of Great Depression
Constitutional Amendments
84. 19th Amendment / Granted women’s suffrage – right to vote (Progressive Amendment)
85. 18th Amendment / Banned alcohol – Prohibition (Progressive Amendment)
86. 17th Amendment / Direct election of Senators-gave power back to the citizens of each state (Progressive Amendment)
87. 16th Amendment / Created the income tax in order to provide money for government based programs (Progressive Amendment)
88. 15th Amendment / Granted African-American men the right to vote (Civil War Amendment)
89. 14th Amendment / Granted the rights of citizenship (equal protection and due process under the law) to African-Americans (Civil War Amendment)
90. 13th Amendment / Abolished slavery (Civil War Amendment)
91. Amendments 4-8 / Protect due process of law and the rights of those accused and convicted of crimes
92. 2nd Amendment / Protects the right to bear arms
93. 1st Amendment / Protects the 5 Freedoms: the rights to freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

Fall ACP Review Word Bank

Era: Beginning of Great Depression / Era: Imperialism – America becomes a World Power / Era: Civil War and Westward Expansion
Black Tuesday / Big stick Diplomacy / Manifest Destiny
Great Depression / Panama Canal / Nullification Theory
Dust Bowl / Roosevelt Corollary / Reconstruction
Causes of Depression / Spanish-American War / Sectionalism
U.S.S. Maine / States’ rights
Era: World War I and the Roaring 20s / Yellow Journalism / Transcontinental Railroad
Alliance Systems
Flapper / Era: Gilded Age-Industrialism, Urbanization, and Immigration / Era: American Revolution and Constitution
Fourteen Points / “Big Business” / Bill of Rights
Great Migration / American Federation of Labor (AFL) / Checks and Balances
Imperialism / Bessemer Process / Declaration of Independence
Isolationism / Chinese Exclusion Act / Federalism
League of Nations / Gilded Age / Individual rights
Militarism / Graft / Limited Government
Nationalism / Immigration / Popular sovereignty
Red Scare / industrialization / Republicanism
Reparations / Labor / Separation of Powers
Scopes Trial / Labor union / Taxation Without Representation
Treaty of Versailles / Mass production / U.S. Constitution
Trench warfare / Migration
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare / Monopolies / Constitutional Amendments
Nativism / 13th Amendment
Era: Progressives / Political Machine / 14th Amendment
Farmers’ Alliance / Push-pull factor / 15th Amendment
Gold Standard / Rural / 16th Amendment
Initiative / Social Darwinism / 17th Amendment
Jim Crow Laws / Social Gospel Movement / 18th Amendment
Muckrakers / Socialism / 19th Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson / Strike / 1st Amendment
Populism/Populist Party / Tenements / 2nd Amendment
prohibition / Urban / Amendments 4-8
Recall / Urbanization
Referendum
Suffrage/Suffrage
Dates
1929 1861-65 1776
1898 1787 1914-1918