The Catholic Counter-Reformation
E. Napp
Objective: To identify and explain the causes and effects of the Counter Reformation
Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons
1. Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?(1) increasing the sale of indulgences
(2) installing statues of saints in churches
(3) saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
(4) printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
2. Which individual’s work had the greatest impact on the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas?
(1) Galileo Galilei
(2) Niccolò Machiavelli
(3) William Shakespeare
(4) Johannes Gutenberg
3. What was one cause of the Protestant Reformation?
(1) revolt by the Moors in Spain
(2) passage of the Act of Supremacy in England
(3) call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III
(4) corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church / 4. Which advancement in technology revolutionized the way ideas were spread throughout western Europe in the 15th century?
(1) development of the astrolabe
(2) introduction of the telegraph
(3) improvements to the printing press
(4) creation of the telescope
5. Martin Luther was primarily dissatisfied with the Roman Catholic Church because he
(1) thought the church lacked structure
(2) disagreed with the sale of indulgences
(3) blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague
(4) believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy
6. What was one of the primary reasons for the spread of the bubonic plague?
(1) increase in trade
(2) colonization of the Americas
(3) development of the manorial system
(4) economic decline
Cornell Notes Outline: The Catholic Counter Reformation (Add Key Words and Summaries)
The Key Words: / The Notes:- The Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church
2-Catholic lands were confiscated in Protestant kingdoms
3-Fewer tithes or church taxes were collected
- The Catholic Counter Reformation
- A movement to stop the spread of Protestantism
- Church leaders met at Trent and ended the sale of indulgences
- Church leaders addressed corruption in the Church and redefined beliefs
- A Catholic court to end heresy or disbelief by force
- Individuals were punished and tortured
a)A group founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534 to defend and spread Catholic faith
The Summaries:
Please read the passage below and answer the questions:
The Protestant Reformation seriously weakened the power of the Roman Catholic Church. As Protestantism became more popular, the Roman Catholic Church lost practitioners, income, and land. In England, Henry VIII challenged the Pope and became the head of the Church of England in 1534. By the mid-1500s, the Roman Catholic Church began its own reform – the Counter Reformation. During the Counter Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church decided to reform itself. Then it decided to counter, or fight against, Protestant beliefs.
In 1545, the Roman Catholic Church called for a council of church officials to meet at the German city of Trent. This council lasted 18 years. It wrote down the most important beliefs of the Catholic Church and stopped the sale of indulgences. However, it disagreed with Luther. The council said that people found salvation only through the Roman Catholic Church. The council also said that people had to go to church and do good deeds to be saved and had to accept the Pope as the only leader of the Christian Church. Finally, Catholics had to agree with the Church’s interpretation of the Bible.
In addition to the Council of Trent, the Inquisition was established. It was a special court that inquired into people’s religious beliefs. If the person was found guilty of heresy or believing in ideas that differed from the Roman Catholic Church, the person could be tortured or even executed. The Inquisition frightened people in Catholic countries and led to fewer dissenters. The Pope also began to censor books by telling people which books they could read.
Finally, a new religious order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola. The Jesuits were dedicated to spreading the Catholic faith to non-Christians in Africa, Asia, and North and South America. Now, Europe had two groups of Christian churches – Catholic and Protestant. Many northern Europeans became Protestants while Italy, France, Spain, and southern Germany remained Catholic.
1: What was the Protestant Reformation? (From a previous lesson) ______
2: How did the Protestant Reformation affect the Roman Catholic Church? ______
3: What was the Catholic Counter Reformation? ______
4: Why did the Roman Catholic Church initiate or begin a Counter Reformation? ______
5: What was decided at the Council of Trent? ______
6: What was the Inquisition? ______
7: Who were the Jesuits and how did they help the Roman Catholic Church? ______
8: Which countries remained Catholic? ______
9: Which countries converted to Protestantism? ______
10: Why did England become Protestant? ______
Multiple-Choice Questions:
The Jesuits were best known for
(1)Evangelism in the New World and the Orient.
(2)Mandatory goatees.
(3)Refusal to obey the papacy.
(4)Strong contribution to the Protestant Reformation.
(5)Artistic contribution to the Renaissance.
Luther’s attack on church indulgences was called:
(1)The Praise of Folly.
(2)The Ninety-Five Theses.
(3)Utopia.
(4)Freedom of a Christian.
(5)The Vulgate Bible.