Renaissance Unit Test Study Guide

Textbook Sections: Chapter 14, Sections 1, 2, and 5

  1. Renaissance
  2. Means “rebirth”
  3. Rebirth of civilization after the Fall of Rome
  4. Humanism
  5. Italy as the perfect environment for the Renaissance
  6. Wealthy
  7. Booming textile industry
  8. Rivalry between the city-states
  9. Florence
  10. Medici Family
  11. Banking
  12. Patrons of the arts
  13. Lorenzo the Magnificent
  14. Resistance to the Medicis
  15. Pazzi rivalry (assassination attempt)
  16. Savonarola
  17. Bonfire of the Vanities
  18. Venice
  19. Key terms: St. Mark, doge, Grand Canal
  20. “Geography is destiny”
  21. Factors contributing to Venice’s rise:
  22. Government
  23. Republic
  24. Checks and balances on power
  25. Economy
  26. Monopoly
  27. Spice trade with the Ottomans
  28. Smuggling out of St. Mark’s body as justification
  29. Expert navigators and shipbuilders
  30. Banking, insurance, and industry
  31. Social
  32. Commenda system – social mobility
  33. Open to trade with all peoples (regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, etc.)
  34. Factors contributing to Venice’s downfall:
  35. External
  36. Wars with the Ottomans
  37. Rising European powers
  38. Discovery of new trade routes
  39. Internal
  40. Corruption in the government
  41. Elimination of the commenda system
  42. Renaissance Architecture
  43. The emphasis on design in structures (the rise of the architect)
  44. Baptismal Doors Competition
  45. Ghiberti vs. Brunelleschi
  46. The Duomo (Basilica de Santa Maria del Fiore)
  47. Brunelleschi studies in Rome (the Pantheon)
  48. Renaissance Artwork
  49. Key terms: perspective, vanishing point, fresco, engraving
  50. Donatello
  51. Significant influence on Italian sculpture in 15th century Italy
  52. Leonardo da Vinci
  53. Apprenticed in Verrocchio’s studio
  54. “Painting from the bones out”
  55. Michelangelo
  56. Patron of the Medicis
  57. Raphael
  58. Albrecht Dürer
  59. “The German Leonardo”
  60. Engraving
  61. Jan and Hubert van Eyck
  62. Invented oil painting
  63. Renaissance Literature
  64. Sir Thomas More – Utopia
  65. Niccolò Machiavelli – The Prince
  66. Baldassare Castiglione – The Courtier
  67. Erasmus – The Praise of Folly, new Greek translation of the New Testament
  68. François Rabelais – Gargantua and Pantagruel
  69. Miguel de Cervantes – Don Quixote
  70. William Shakespeare – Romeo and Juliet; Richard III
  71. Renaissance Papacy
  72. Sixtus IV
  73. Nepotism
  74. Built the Sistine Chapel
  75. Alexander VI
  76. Member of the Borgia family (Cesare was Machiavelli’s Prince)
  77. Bribed Sforza cardinals for the Papacy
  78. Treaty of Tordesillas
  79. Savonarola Affair
  80. Julius II
  81. Warrior Pope
  82. Sale of indulgences
  83. Leo X
  84. “God has given us the Papacy, let us enjoy it.”
  85. Medici Family – son of Lorenzo de Medici
  86. Party pope
  87. Bankrupted the Church
  88. The Northern Renaissance
  89. Reasons why the Renaissance moved north
  90. Vernacular
  91. Flanders
  92. Bruges (center of Northern Renaissance)
  93. Textile industry – like a northern European Florence
  94. Gutenberg’s printing press
  95. Scientific Revolution
  96. Key terms: Heliocentric, hypothesis, scientific method, gravity
  97. Changing Views on the Universe
  98. Copernicus
  99. Kepler
  100. Galileo
  101. Advancements in Physics
  102. Newton
  103. Age of Exploration
  104. Explorers: Vasco de Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan
  105. Reasons for exploration
  106. Discovery of the New World
  107. Treaty of Tordesillas