*Bolded=Chief muscle for movement
Scapula
Scapula Rotators
-Trapezius (upper fibers; laterally, allowing abduction of arm)> CN11 (Accessory)
-Levator Scapulae (Medial rotation, glenoid tilted inferiorly)> Dors Scap, C5
-Rhomboids (Medial rotation)> Dors Scap, C5
-Serratus Anterior (Lateral rotation, allowing abduction of arm)> Long Thoracic nerve, C5-7
Scapula Elevators
-Trapezius (Upper fibers)> CN 11
-Levator Scapulae> Dors Scap C5
-Rhomboids> Dors Scap C5
Scapula Depression
-Trapezius (Lower fibers)> CN 11
- Serratus Anterior> Long Thoracic nerve, C5-7
Scapular Protraction
-Pect minor> Medial Pect, C8-T1
-Serratus Anterior> Long Thoracic nerve, C5-7
Scapular Retraction
- Trapezius (Medial fibers)> CN 11
-Rhomboids> Dors Scap C5
------
Shoulder Stabilizers
*Rotator Cuff Muscles draw humerus to glenoid fossa strengthening the joint, prevent superior and posterior displacement of the humerus
*Long head Triceps stabilize abducted humerus
Stabilize/pull shoulder joint down
-Pect minor> Medial Pect, C8-T1
-Subclavius > Nerve Subclavian, C5-6
------
Arm Flexion
-Pect Major> Med (C8-T1) and lateral pect (C5-7)
-Deltoid (Anterior Fibers)
-Bicep Brachii (Short Head; weak)> musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
-Coracobrachialis> musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
Arm Extension
-Lat D> Thoracodorsal N, C6-8
-Deltoid (Posterior Head)
-Teres Major (From flexed position)> Lower subscap C5-6
-Tricep (Long head)> Radial (C5-T1, but tricep mostly c5/c6)
Arm Medial Rotation
-Lat D Thoracodorsal N, C6-8
-Deltoid (Anterior head)> Axillary C5-6
-Teres Major> Lower Subscap, C5-6
-Subscapularis> Upper and Lower subscap, C5-6
-Pect Major> Med (C8-T1) and lateral pect (C5-7)
Arm Lateral Rotation
-Deltoid (Posterior head)> Axillary C5-6
-Infraspinatus> Suprascap, C5-6
-Teres Minor> Axillary C5-6
Arm Adduction
-Lat D> Thoracodorsal N, C6-8
-Teres Major> Lower Subscap, C5-6
-Pect Major> Med (C8-T1) and lateral pect (C5-7)
Arm Abduction (Movement corresponds to Abduction of Scapula)
-Deltoid (Medial head)> Axillary C5-6
-Supraspinatus (Prevents deltoid from pulling humerus under acromion)> Suprascap, C5-6
*serratus anterior and Upper fibers trap laterally rotate scapula for this movement
------
Forearm Flexion
-Bicep Brachii (Long Head)> musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
-Brachialis (Strongest)> musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
-Brachoradialis (Weak)> Radial, C5-T1
Forearm Extension
-Tricep > Radial, C5-T1
-Anconeus (Accessory extensor)> Radial, C5-T1
Forearm Pronation
-Pronator Teres> Median
-Pronator Quadratus> Anterior Inter
Forearm Supinator
-Bicep Brachii (Long head, supinatos when forearm flex)> musculocutaneous (C5-C7)
-Supinator (Supinates flex or extension of forearm)> Deep Radial
------
Wrist Flexion
-FCR> Median
-Palmeris Longus> Median
-FCU> Ulnar C8-T1
-FDS> Median
-FDP> Median/Ulnar
Wrist Extension
-ECRL (Synergist with flexion of fingersà extends hand to provide stronger flexion) Radial
-ECRB (Synergist with flexion of fingersà extends hand to provide stronger flexion) Deep, Radial
-ED (When fingers are extended)> Post Inter (Radial)
-ECU (Synergist with flexion of fingersà extends hand to provide stronger flexion) Post Inter (Radial)
Wrist Flexion Abduction
-FCR> Radial
Wrist Extension Abduction
-ECRL Radial
-ECRB> Deep, Radial
Wrist Flexion Adduction
-FCU> Ulnar
Wrist Extension Adduction
-ECU> Post Inter (Radial)
------
MCP=Metacarpophalangeal, PIP=prox interphalangeal, DIP=Distal interphal
CMC=Carpometacarpal
Flexion of MCP
-FDS (Digits 2-5)> Median
-FDP (Digits 2-5)> Median digits 2/3, Ulnar digits 4/5
-Lumbricals (Digits 2-5)*> Deep Ulnar Nerve
-FDM (Digit 5)> Ulnar
-FPB (Digit 1)> Recurrent (Median)
-APB (Digit 1 and also at CMC)> Recurrent (Median)
-FPL (Digit 1)> Anterior Int (Median)
Extension MCP
-ED (Digits 2-5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EDM (Digit 5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EI (Digit 2)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EPB (Digit 1 and also at CMC)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EPL (Digit 1 and also at CMC)> Post Inter (Radial)
Flexion of PIP
-FDS (Digits 2-5)> Median
-FDP (Digits 2-5)> Median digits 2/3, Ulnar digits 4/5
-FDM (Digit 5)> Ulnar
-FPL (Digit 1)> Anterior Int (Median)
Extension PIP
-ED (Digits 2-5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EDM (Digit 5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EI (Digit 2)> Post Inter (Radial)
-Lumbricals (Digits 2-5)> Deep Ulnar
-EPL (Digit 1, at IP)> Post Inter (Radial)
Flexion of DIP
-FDP (Digits 2-5)> Median digits 2/3, Ulnar digits 4/5
-FPL (Digit 1)> Anterior Int (Median)
Extension DIP
-ED (Digits 2-5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EDM (Digit 5)> Post Inter (Radial)
-EI (Digit 2) Post Inter (Radial)
-Lumbricals (Digits 2-5)*> Deep Ulnar
Rotation of Thumb
-OP> Recurrent (Median)
------
Hypothenar
*Skin pulled toward medial palm deepening palm –Palmaris Brevis
*Digit 5 pulled anteriorly for opposition by ODM
------
Hand abduction
-Dorsal Interossei (Digits 2, 3*-2 insert here, 4)> Deep Ulnar
-ADM (Digit 5) Ulnar
-APL (Digit 1, at CMC)> Post Inter (Radial)
- APB (Digit 1 at CMC, MCP)> Recurrent (Median)
Hand Adduction
-Palmer Interossei (Digits 2, 4, 5)> Deep Ulnar
-AP (Digit 1)> Deep Ulnar
------
Back
Illiocostalis, longissimus and spinalisà extend trunk and head/neck contracted bilaterally, rotate when contract unilaterally
Splenius capitis, semisplenius capitisà extend head/neck contracted bilaterally, rotate when contract unilaterally
Obliquus capitis superior & inferior, Rectus Capitis post. Major & minor extend head at alantoaxial joint, *suboccipital nerve innervation to all
------
Sensory/Cutaneous
Arm:
Superior/Upper Lateral Cut Nerveà Axillary
Intercostobrachialis nerve àSuperior Medial portion of arm à from lateral cutaneous branch (T-2)
Medial Brachial Cut àMedial cord
Posterior Cut of armà Radial
Inferior lateral Cutà Radial
Forearm
Lateral Musculocutaneousà Musculo
Medial Antebrachial Cutà Medial cord
Posterior Cut of forearmà Radial