Chapter 35-39 Study Guide
Focus on Chapters 35 and 36!!
Especially narrow down 37, 38 , &39 to the points listed below!!
Know key Monocot/Dicot Differences
fibrous vs. taproot root systems; parallel (bladelike) vs. netted veins in leaves; root and stem cross section differences (vascular bundle arrangement); monocotyledon vs. dicotyledon
Chapter 35
-Know dermal, vascular, ground tissue (study locations of each in cross sections of plant parts)
-Know common plant cell type characteristics: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, tracheids, vessel elements, sieve-tube cells, companion cells
-Know differences between primary and secondary growth; apical meristems versus lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium)
-Know onion root tip regions (Figure 35.12)
-Know leaf anatomy: cuticle, stoma, guard cells, mesophyll, xylem, phloem
-Know secondary growth in woody dicots: secondary xylem (early vs. late wood); heartwood vs. sapwood, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, cork cambium, cork, periderm, bark
Chapter 36
-Know role of proton pumps in plant cells; know cotransport examples
-Review definition of water potential and what impacts it
-Definitions of aquaporins, apoplast, symplast, bulk flow, endodermis, pericycle
-Describe the role of the Casparian strip in the root
-Describe how root pressure causes guttation
-Describe the transpiration-adhesion-cohesion model of xylem sap ascent (via tension)
-Explain how stomata help to regulate transpiration; Describe changes in guard cells that affect stoma
-Describe translocation of sugar through phloem from source to sink (via positive pressure/active transport)
Chapter 37
-Define soil texture, composition, humus, topsoil
-Describe the important symbiotic role of nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) in legume nodules
-Describe the important symbiotic role of mycorrhizae in plants.
-Define and give examples of epiphyte; parasitic; carnivorous plants
Chapter 38
-Review the overview of angiosperm reproduction/parts of the flower (Figure38.2)
-Describe pollination
-Know male gametophyte (pollen) and female gametophyte (ovule/embryo sac)
-Describe double fertilization (generates diploid zygote and triploid endosperm)
-Define seed, fruit, endosperm, cotyledon
-Compare monocot/dicot seed germination (Figures 38.10a & 38.10b)
Chapter 39
-Define hormone, tropism
-Describe what causes phototropism (elongation on the dark side of stem due to the hormone auxin)
-Describe apical dominance (terminal bud inhibits axillary buds) and how it can be overcome (pruning)
-Study Plant Hormone Summary Sheet and know a few basic things about the five classes of hormones and what they control (Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscisic Acid, Ethylene)
The items below will not be on your test....but you should look over for the AP Exam!
-Define photoperiod, the role of phytochrome, and the importance of critical night length in flowering (look over Figure 39.22)!!