17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
Section 1.
A. ______are abbreviated in scientific shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name.
1. An ______is matter that is composed of one type of a atom. An ______is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element.
2. Atoms are composed of particles called ______, ______and ______.
3. ______and ______are found in the small positively charged center of the atom called the ______that is surrounded by a cloud containing the electrons.
4. ______are particles with an electrical charge of 1+.
5. ______and ______are made up of smaller particles called quarks.
6. ______are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge.
7. ______are negatively charged particles. (-1)
B. Quarks are smaller particles.
1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called ______.
2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged particles with ______, which leave tracks in a bubble chamber.
3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the ______quark.
C. The changing atomic model
1. Dalton and other scientists used a ______as an early model of the atom.
2. By 1926, scientists developed the ______. We use this model today.
a. An ______is the area around the nucleus where the electrons are located.
b. The electron cloud model shows ______traveling in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The nucleus has ______and ______.
17. Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
Section 1.
A. ______are abbreviated in scientific shorthand-usually the first letter or two of the element’s name.
1. An ______is matter that is composed of one type of a atom. An ______is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element.
2. Atoms are composed of particles called ______, ______and ______.
3. ______and ______are found in the small positively charged center of the atom called the ______that is surrounded by a cloud containing the electrons.
4. ______are particles with an electrical charge of 1+.
5. ______and ______are made up of smaller particles called quarks.
6. ______are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge.
7. ______are negatively charged particles. (-1)
B. Quarks are smaller particles.
1. Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called ______.
2. Quarks are studied by colliding accelerated charged particles with ______, which leave tracks in a bubble chamber.
3. Six quarks are known to exist; the sixth quark is called the ______quark.
C. The changing atomic model
1. Dalton and other scientists used a ______as an early model of the atom.
2. By 1926, scientists developed the ______. We use this model today.
a. An ______is the area around the nucleus where the electrons are located.
b. The electron cloud model shows ______traveling in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The nucleus has ______and ______.
17.2 Section 2
A. Atomic Mass
1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the ______.
2. The mass of a ______or a ______is almost equal to 1 amu.
3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a ______atom containing ______protons and ______neutrons.
B. Protons Identify the Element
1. The number of ______in an atom is equal to a number called the ______.
2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of ______and ______in the nucleus of an atom.
C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ______.
1. Different isotopes have different ______.
2. Number of ______is equal to mass number minus atomic number.
3. Name of ______followed by mass number identifies the isotope.
4. ______is the weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes.
5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ______isotope.
DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons.
17.2 Section 2
A. Atomic Mass
1. The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the ______.
2. The mass of a ______or a ______is almost equal to 1 amu.
3. The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a ______atom containing ______protons and ______neutrons.
B. Protons Identify the Element
1. The number of ______in an atom is equal to a number called the ______.
2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of ______and ______in the nucleus of an atom.
C. Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ______.
1. Different isotopes have different ______.
2. Number of ______is equal to mass number minus atomic number.
3. Name of ______followed by mass number identifies the isotope.
4. ______is the weighted-average mass of an element’s isotopes.
5. Average atomic mass is closest to its most ______isotope.
DRAW A MODEL of an ATOM below. Locate the protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus and electron cloud. Place symbols to indicate the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Section 3. The Periodic Table.
A. The Periodic Table. (Periodic means ______.
1. In the 1800’s, Dmitri ______, a Russian chemist devised the first periodic table based on ______.
2. In the ______, the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties.
3. In 1913, the work of Henry G.J. ______, an English scientist made an arrangement of elements based on their increasing ______instead of masses.
4. The current periodic table uses ______arrangement of the elements based on atomic numbers.
5. Energy levels nearer the ______have lower energy than those levels that are farther away.
6. Electrons fill these energy levels from the ______levels (closer to the nucleus) to the outer levels (farther from the nucleus.)
7. Elements that are in the same group have the same number of ______in their outer energy level.
8. It is the number of electrons in the outer energy level that determines the ______properties of the element.
For example, ______can contain a maximum of ______electrons. Energy Level 2 can contain at most ______electrons. Each row in the periodic table ends when an outer energy level is filled.
B. Electron Dot Diagrams. Elements that are in the same ______have the same number of ______in their outer energy level.
1. An electron dot diagram uses the ______of the element and ______to represent the electrons in the outer energy level.
2. Electron dot diagrams are used also to show how the ______in the outer energy level are bonded when elements combine to form compounds.
3. The elements in Group ______have complete energy levels.
C. Regions of the Periodic Table
1. The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table are called ______.
2. The elements increase by one______and one ______as you go from left to right in a period. 3. The vertical columns in the periodic table are called ______or ______and are number 1-18. 4. Elements are classified as ______, ______and ______. All of the elements on the left side of the table are ______. 5. The elements located on the stair-step dividing line are ______.
D. Elements in the Universe
1. The same ______exist throughout the Universe. Elements are synthesized in ______throughout the world.
2. ______and ______are the building blocks of other elements.
3. Many scientists believe that ______have spread the heavier elements throughout the universe.