NAME:______DATE:______PERIOD:______
Final Study Guide
Genetics
1. What is a hybrid?
2. List and describe Mendel’s Principle of Dominance.
3. KNOW HOW TO DO PUNNETT SQUARES! You can use the online practice websites on my Schoolwires page or Spongebob Genetics.
4. Read text 270-272. KNOW HOW TO DO TWO-FACTOR CROSSES! You can use the “Dihybrid Cross” sheet with guinea pigs or see the following websites:
How to do a Dihybrid Cross - http://biologycorner.com/worksheets/dihybrid_guinea_pigs.pdf
Dihybrid Cross Tutorial - http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/dihybrid_cross/03t.html
5. Define the following:
a. Homozygous
b. Heterozygous
c. Recessive
d. Dominant
e. Codominance
f. Genotype
g. Phenotype
h. Incomplete dominance
i. Polygenic traits and name an example of one
j. Haploid
k. Diploid
l. Gamete
m. Meiosis
Genetic Engineering
6. What is selective breeding?
7. Define and give an example of a transgenic organism
8. What are the risks of inbreeding?
9. Define genetic engineering.
Mutations
10. What is the term that describes a direct change in an organism’s DNA?
11. Describe each type of chromosomal mutation: deletion, inversion, insertion, translocation and duplication.
12. List and explain two beneficial mutations, two harmful mutations and two neutral mutations.
DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
13. Where is DNA located in eukaryotes?
14. Describe the steps in replication.
15. Define complementary.
16. Give the complementary sequence for this strand of DNA:
ACGTTGCATCGCCTA
17. List two differences between DNA and RNA.
18. Describe the events in translation.
19. A gene is made into this kind of macromolecule in the ribosome.
Human Genetics
20. Humans have ______chromosomes.
21. Define karyotype.
22. Is this the genotype of a female or male? XX
23. On what chromosomes are sex-linked genes located?
Evolution
24. Define the following:
a. Adaptation
b. Natural selection
25. How do populations evolve? (from Notes “What Evolution Is”)
26. Define the three types of speciation and give an example of each.
Ecology
27. Define ecology
28. Every food web or food chain starts with the ______, the source of all the energy on Earth.
29. Compare and contrast food webs and food chains.
30. Define heterotrophs and autotrophs.
31. Name five types of heterotrophs (not names of animals)
32. Name an example of each kind of heterotroph listed above.
33. Name a decomposer and a detrivore.
34. Compare and contrast decomposers and detrivores.
35. Describe global warming and the cause of it.
Bacteria
36. Define pathogen.
37. How are bacterial diseases spread?
38. How are bacterial diseases treated?
39. How are viral diseases spread?
40. How are viral diseases treated?
41. How do antibiotics stop infections?
42. Name 1 helpful and one harmful bacterium. Why are they helpful or harmful?
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