All Material in the Universe That Has Mass and Occupies Space Is Called ______

Matter & Biogeochemical Cycles

Name: ______Date: ______Pd: ______

All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called ______.

Atoms- smallest unit of ______

Example: ______

Molecules- a cluster of atoms with ______characteristics. Organic compounds have ______. Inorganic compounds do not have ______. ______are organic compounds containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon.

Macromolecules are the building blocks of ______.

1)Proteins:

2)Carbohydrates:

3) Lipids:

4) Nucleic Acids:

Acids, Bases & pH

pH: how basic or acidic a ______is

pH Scale:

Biosphere: all the planet’s living, once living and ______parts of the environment and how they interact.

1) Geosphere – made of all the ______at and below Earth’s surface

2) Lithosphere – hard ______just on or below the Earth’s surface

3) Atmosphere – gaseous envelope around the ______

4) Hydrosphere – Earth’s supply of ______

Biogeochemical Cycles

· BIO – refer to the ______organisms

· GEO – refers to the Earth, rock and ______.

· CHEMICAL – molecules, ______and atoms.

Matter ______through the environment. ______are matter that organisms require for life process, circulate throughout the ______in biogeochemical cycles.

Law of Conservation of Matter:

Matter can be transformed, but cannot be ______or destroyed.

WATER CYCLE

The water cycle summarizes how ______plays a role in our environment.

Unique properties of water:

Label the water cycle diagram below:

Aquifers

Condensation

Evaporation

Precipitation

Surface runoff

Groundwater

Transpiration

CARBON CYCLE

Carbon is a ______of life. All ______compounds have ______. Carbon is essential for ______, fats, proteins, ______& other substances. Carbon is gas form is ______& it’s a ______gas that helps to maintain earth’s temperature. Carbon is stored in the ocean, atmosphere & ______. A place where a lot of carbon is stored is called ______.

Pathway 1

1. Carbon moves between the atmosphere, oceans & living things.

2. Through photosynthesis, plants use CO2 from the air & ocean to make ______(organic compound….C6H12O6)

3. A ______eats plants & animals that eat plants & the carbon moves through the food webs.

4. Respiration is one way ______is released directly into the air.

Example: exhaling of animals

5. ______of living things also returns ______to the soil, ______

& air in the form of carbon dioxide.

Pathway 2

1. Carbon travels from ______things to ______& back to air or water where living things will use it again.

Example: Shells of marine animals contain ______. These shells fall to

bottom of ______when they ______& pile up. They are covered with

sediment & compacted to form ______(limestone). Erosion on land

eventually dissolve the carbon containing minerals to air & water.

2. This process takes millions of years.

Pathway 3

1. This pathway involves the ______& ______of fossil fuels.

2. Oil & natural gas form from the remains of ______organisms.

3. After buried for a long time, a ______change takes place & it turns them into ______.

4. This process takes ______of years.

5. When the ______is ______& we burn it. The combustion releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Then it’s available plants to use for photosynthesis.

WAYS HUMANS ALTER THE CARBON CYCLE

· Deforestation: removing trees that ______carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Fewer trees mean less carbon dioxide is being absorbed.

· Burning of fossil fuels in industry & vehicles: Carbon is a by-product of combustion. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been rising. Some say it is contributing to ______.

NITROGEN CYCLE

Nitrogen is an important element in ______compound such as ______, DNA, ______& chlorophyll. Nitrogen is the most ______gas in the atmosphere. It cycles from the ______to ______& back to ______. But living things cannot use it in its gas form, therefore living things get ______from the ______.

1. Living organisms cannot use simple nitrogen molecules (NH2).

2. Living things take it in as a nitrate (NO3-).

3. Nitrate is formed when nitrogen is combined with oxygen. This process is called nitrogen ______.

4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on root nodules of ______& convert the gaseous ______to ammonia (NH4) then to ______(NO2 or NO3).

5. Examples of legumes: clover, peas, soybeans & alfalfa.

6. Plants use ______to make proteins. Animals only take in nitrogen by eating ______.

7. Nitrogen flows through the ______as animals eat plants & animals eat other animals.

8. During ______, nitrogen compound are released. Bacteria will break down ammonia to nitrogen & oxygen & release ______back to soil and atmosphere.

9. Some aquatic bacteria and ______can also change nitrogen to nitrates.

WAYS HUMANS ALTER THE NITROGEN CYCLE

The rate of nitrogen fixation has ______since the 1950s.

· Fertilizers: contain nitrogen…place on ______& farmlands

· Burning of fossil fuels: releases nitrogen during ______

· Destruction of forests & wetlands: release nitrogen thru ______

CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN-CAUSED NITROGEN DEPOSITION

Ecosystems: Nitrogen additions to the ______can lead to changes that favor weeds over native plants, which in turn reduce species ______and changes ecosystems. Research shows that nitrogen levels are linked with changes in grassland species, from mosses and lichens to grasses and ______.

Precipitation: Nitrogen oxides react with water to form nitric acid, which along with sulfur dioxide is a major component of acid rain. Acid rain can damage and kill aquatic life and ______, as well as corrode ______, bridges, and other structures.

Air quality: High concentrations of ______in the lower atmosphere are a precursor to tropospheric ozone, which is known to damage living tissues, including human lungs, and decrease ______production.

Water quality: Adding large amounts of nitrogen to rivers, lakes, and coastal systems results in ______, a condition that occurs in aquatic ecosystems when ______nutrient concentrations stimulate blooms of ______that deplete ______, killing fish and other organisms and ruining water quality.

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Phosphorus is not a ______and does not enter the atmosphere. Phosphorus cycles from ______to ocean and then back to land. Water runs over ______that contain phosphorus and places it in the water and soil. Plant roots absorb ______. Phosphate makes up ______. Animals get phosphates thru ______. Phosphorus is release by ______.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

· Loss of ______because of clear cutting and ______of farmland.

· When we use ______and detergents with phosphorus it integrates into our groundwater.

· Fertilizers

OXYGEN CYCLE

This cycle only consists of ______& respiration. Photosynthesis & respiration are ______reactions & they rely on each other. Plants produce ______through the process of photosynthesis. Animals take in the oxygen from the ______& change it into energy & release ______through the process of respiration.

Photosynthesis equation:

Respiration equation

Look @ the following cycle diagrams & label which cycle it is: Carbon cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle , nitrogen cycle & oxygen cycle.

______Cycle

Carbon cycle

Carbon is an extremely common element on earth and can be found in all four major spheres of the planet: biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Carbon is part of both the living and non-living parts of the planet, as a component in organisms, atmospheric gases, water, and rocks. The carbon contained in any of the planet’s spheres does not remain there forever. Instead, it moves from one sphere to another in an ongoing process known as the carbon cycle.

The carbon cycle is extremely important on earth as it influences crucial life processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, contributes to fossil fuel formation, and impacts the earth’s climate.

Part 1: Go to the following website and read about the carbon cycle and answer the questions; http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html

1. Where is carbon found on the earth?

2. Carbon moves from....

3. Play the Carbon game. Click on the Game link at the top of the page. Scroll down and choose The Carbon Cycle game. Answer the following questions when you are in the particular areas: atmosphere, plants, Surface Ocean, Deep Ocean, marine life and soil.

a. Atmosphere

· What percentage of the atmosphere is made of carbon? ______%

· The more CO2 in the atmosphere makes our planet ______.

b. Land Plants

· What is the process by which plants make the nutrition it needs? ______

· What is the method by which plants release carbon into atmosphere? ______

c. Soil

· What is the name of the part of the soil that is made of decaying plants and animals? ______

· What percentage of carbon is stored in the soil? ______%

d. Surface Ocean

· True/False: The Ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide than the land.

e. Marine Life

· Phytoplankton absorbs the carbon in the ocean to make their nutrition through the process of ______.

f. Deep Ocean

· List two ways the deep ocean gets carbon. ______and ______.

· How much carbon does the deep ocean contain? ______%

g. How many stops can you make on your trip? ______

h. Will your journey ever end? ______

i. Was everyone’s journey the same? Why not?

j. What would happen to the Carbon Cycle if we increase our burning of fossil fuels?

Part 2: Go to the following website: www.neok12.com/Carbon-Cycle.htm

a. Watch any two videos and record the titles.

b. Click on “Label the Diagram of the Carbon Cycle.” Complete the diagram online.

c. If you have extra time, you can click on the jigsaw puzzle or the slide puzzle.

d. Return the laptop when finished.

Carbon cycle

Label the Carbon diagram using the following labels: Place the # in the box that matches the label.

1) Sunlight 6) Fossils & fossil fuels 11) Decay organisms

2) Plant respiration 7) Ocean uptake

3) Animal respiration 8) Dead organisms and waste products

4) Car and factory emissions 9) Root respiration

5) Photosynthesis 10) Organic carbon

Matter & Biogeochemical Cycles Review Worksheet

Matching: Choose the best word to match the definitions and place the letter on the line provided.

_____1. Smallest part of an element A. matter

_____2. Molecule only made of hydrogen and carbon B. hydrocarbons

_____3. Solution’s acidity or basicity C. RNA and DNA

_____4. Fats & oils D. pH

_____5. Molecules that store genetic information E. atom

_____6. Anything that takes up space and has mass F. lipids

_____7. Made of amino acids G. biosphere

_____8. Sugars & starches H. hydrosphere

_____9. All of the Earth’s water I. carbohydrates

_____10. The Earth and all of its organisms and environments J. proteins

Part 2: Please label the water cycle diagram using the following vocabulary: runoff, evaporation, precipitation, condensation, groundwater

2. List three unique properties of water.

Part 3: Cycles Matching: Below are some descriptive statements. Read the statements carefully and then choose which cycle is and place the letter on the line provided. Letters may be used more than once.

A. Water cycle B. Oxygen cycle

C. Nitrogen cycle D. Phosphorus cycle

E. Carbon cycle

______1. Only cycle that does not include the atmosphere

______2. Can alter the pH of the soil

______3. Transpiration and evaporation are a part of the cycle

______4. Formation of fossil fuels

______5. Bacteria that lives on the roots of legumes

Part 4: Short Answer

1. Explain the Law of the Conservation of Matter.

2. What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

3. What is the role of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in your body?

4. What are the two processes that are a part of the Oxygen cycle? Why is the cycle important to us?

5. List three ways that human behavior can impact the biogeochemical cycles.

6. What is eutrophication?

7. What is the connection between legumes and the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the Nitrogen cycles?

SLM Matter & Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Map (7 days)Ecology – Mrs. Sim

Matter & Biogeochemical Vocabulary:

1) Matter = any material that has mass and occupies space.

2) Atoms = the basic unit of matter, the smallest unit that maintains the properties of an element

3) Proteins = an organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

4) Carbohydrates = an organic compound that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

5) Lipids = an organic compound that is chemically diverse and does not dissolve in water

6) Nucleic acids = the macromolecule that contains genetic information

7) pH = a measure of the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution

8) Geosphere = all the rock at and below Earth surface

9) Lithosphere = sphere of Earth made up of the hard rock on and just below Earth surface; the outermost layer of both Earth and its geosphere

10) Biosphere = the Earth and all of its organisms and environments

11) Atmosphere = the thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth

12) Hydrosphere = all of the water above and below Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere

13) Water cycle = series of steps of how the water cycles in the environment.

14) Phosphorus cycle = series of steps of how phosphorus cycles in the environment.

15) Nitrogen cycle = series of steps of how nitrogen cycles in the environment.

16) Carbon cycle = series of steps of how carbon cycles in the environment.

17) Sulfur cycle = series of steps of how sulfur cycles in the environment.

18) Oxygen cycle = series of steps where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide & vice versa.

19) Nitrogen fixing bacteria = bacteria that lives on the roots of legumes to help transform nitrogen

20) Eutrophication = when large amounts of nitrogen exists in water causing the water to have too many nutrients

21) Algal Bloom = overgrowth of algae due to eutrophication ( too many nutrients/nitrogen in the water)