Appendix A. Publications describing primary research on the ecological effects of the 72 invasive alien insects listed in Table 1. Criteria for being included in the list are described in the text. Some publications are cited for more than one species.
Adalia bipunctata
Kajita Y, Takano F, Yasuda H, Agarwala BK (2000) Effects of indigenous ladybird species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the survival of an exotic species in relation to prey abundance. Appl Entomol Zool 35:473-479
Kajita Y, Takano F, Yasuda H, Evans EW (2006) Interactions between introduced and native predatory ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae): factors influencing the success of species introductions. Ecol Entomol 31:58-67
Kajita Y, Yasuda H, Evans EW (2006) Effects of native ladybirds on oviposition of the exotic species, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in Japan. Appl Entomol Zool 41:57-61
Sato S, Dixon AFG (2004) Effect of intraguild predation on the survival and development of three species of aphidophagous ladybirds: consequences for invasive species. Agr For Entomol 6:21-24
Adelges piceae
Arthur FH, Hain FP (1986) water potential of Fraser fir infested with balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Environ Entomol 15:911-913
Balch RE (1952) Studies of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) and its effects on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.). Mill Can Dep Agric Pub 867:1-76
Barker M, Miegroet H van, Nicholas NS, Creed IF (2002) Variation in overstory nitrogen uptake in a small, high-elevation southern Appalachian spruce-fir watershed. Can J Forest Res 32:1741-1752
Busing RT, Clebsch EEC, Eagar CC, Pauley EF (1988) Two decades of change in a Great Smoky Mountains spruce-fir forest. Bull Torrey Bot Club 115:25-31
Busing RT, Pauley EF (1994) Mortality trends in a southern Appalachian red spruce population. Forest Ecol Manage 64:41-45
Dull CW, Ward JD, Brown HD, Ryan GW, Clerke WH, Uhler RJ (1988) Evaluation of spruce and fir mortality in the southern Appalachian mountains. Protection Report R8-PR13. USDA Forest Service Southern Region, Atlanta, Georgia
Fedde GF (1973) Cone production in Fraser firs infested by the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae). J Georgia Entomol Soc 8:127-130
Fedde GF (1973) Impact of the balsam woolly aphid (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) on cones and seed produced by infested Fraser fir. Can Entomol 105:673-680
Hollingsworth RG, Hain FP (1994) Balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae): effects on growth and abnormal wood production in Fraser fir seedlings as influenced by seedling genetics, insect source, and soil source. Can J Forest Res 24:2284-2294
Hollingsworth RG, Hain FP (1994) Effect of drought stress and infestation by the balsam woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on abnormal wood production in Fraser fir. Can J Forest Res 24:2295-2297
Jenkins MA (2003) Impact of the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) on an Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. dominated stand near the summit of Mount LeConte, Tennessee. Castanea 68:109-118
Nicholas NS, Zedaker SM, Eagar C (1992) A comparison of overstory community structure in three southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. Bull Torrey Bot Club 119: 316-332
Page G (1975) The impact of balsam wooly aphid damage on balsam fir stands in Newfoundland. Can J For Res 5:195-209
Pauley EF, Clebsch EEC (1990) Patterns of Abies fraseri regeneration in a Great Smoky Mountains spruce-fir forest. Bull Torrey Bot Club 117:375-381
Rabenold KN, Fauth PT, Goodner BW, Sadowski JA, Parker PG (1998) Response of avian communities to disturbance by an exotic insect in spruce-fir forests of the southern Appalachians. Conserv Biol 12:177-189
Schooley HO (1976) Effect of Balsam wooly aphid on cone and seed production by balsam fir. Forest Chron 52:237-239
Smith GF, Nicholas NS (1998) Patterns of overstory composition in the fir and fir-spruce forests of the Great Smoky Mountains after balsam woolly adelgid infestation. Am Midl Nat 139:340-352
Smith GF, Nicholas NS (2000) Size- and age-class distributions of Fraser fir following balsam woolly adelgid infestation. Can J Forest Res 30:948-957
Witter JA, Ragenovich IR (1986) Regeneration of Fraser fir at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, after depredations by the balsam woolly adelgid. Forest Sci 32:585-594
Adelges tsugae
Brooks RT (2001) Effects of the removal of overstory hemlock from hemlock-dominated forests on eastern redback salamanders. Forest Ecol Manage 149:197-204
Cobb RC, Orwig DA, Currie S (2006) Decomposition of green foliage in eastern hemlock forests of southern New England impacted by hemlock woolly adelgid infestations. Can J Forest Res 36:1331-1341
Eschtruth AK, Cleavitt NL, Battles JJ, Evans RA, Fahey T. J (2006) Vegetation dynamics in declining eastern hemlock stands: 9 years of forest response to hemlock woolly adelgid infestation. Can J Forest Res 36:1435-1450
Ford CR, Vose JM (2007) Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. mortality will impact hydrologic processes in Southern Appalachian forest ecosystems. Ecol Appl 17:1156-1167
Garcia Bailo B, Emison MRC, Coleman WB, Burk CJ (2004) Thirty-six years of change in an eastern hemlock-white pine stand in Westen Massachusetts. Rhodora 106:273-286
Goslee SC, Niering WA, Urban DL, Christensen NL (2005) Influence of environment, history and vegetative interactions on stand dynamics in a Connecticut forest. J Torrey Bot Soc 132:471-482
Jenkins JC, Aber JD, Canham CD (1999) Hemlock woolly adelgid impacts on community structure and N cycling rates in eastern hemlock forests. Can J Forest Res 29: 630-645
Kizlinski ML, Orwig DA, Cobb RC, Foster DR (2002) Direct and indirect ecosystem consequences of an invasive pest on forests dominated by eastern hemlock. J Biogeogr 29:1489-1503
Lishawa SC, Bergdahl DR, Costa SD (2007) Winter conditions in eastern hemlock and mixed-hardwood deer wintering areas of Vermont. Can J Forest Res 37:697-703
Onken BP (1996) Long-term impact assessment of eastern hemlock forests. In: Salom, SM, Tigner TC, Reardon RC (eds) Proceedings of the first hemlock woolly adelgid review, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. 12 October 1995, pp58-63
Orwig DA, Foster DR (1998) Forest response to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid in southern New England, USA. J Torrey Bot Soc 125:60-73
Orwig DA, Foster DR, Mausel DL (2002) Landscape patterns of hemlock decline in New England due to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid. J Biogeogr 29:1475-1487
Small MJ, Small CJ, Dreyer GD (2005) Changes in a hemlock-dominated forest following woolly adelgid infestation in southern New England. J Torrey Bot Soc 132: 458-470
Stadler B, Müller T, Orwig D (2006) The ecology of energy and nutrient fluxes in hemlock forests invaded by hemlock woolly adelgid. Ecology 87:1792-1804
Stadler B, Müller T, Orwig D, Cobb R (2005) Hemlock woolly adelgid in New England forests: canopy impacts transforming ecosystem processes and landscapes. Ecosystems 8:233-247
Tingley MW, Orwig DA, Field R, Motzkin G (2002) Avian response to removal of a forest dominant: consequences of hemlock woolly adelgid infestations. J Biogeogr 29:1505-1516
Weckel M, Tirpak JM, Nagy C, Christie R (2006) Structural and compositional change in an old-growth eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis forest, 1965-2004. Forest Ecol Manage 231:114-118
Yorks TE, Leopold DJ, Raynal DJ (2003) Effects of Tsuga canadensis mortality on soil water chemistry and understory vegetation: possible consequences of an invasive insect herbivore. Can J Forest Res 33:1525-1537
Aedes albopictus
Aliabadi BW, Juliano SA (2002) Escape from gregarine parasites affects the competitive interactions of an invasive mosquito. Biol Invasions 4:283-297
Carrieri M, Bacchi M, Bellini R, Maini S (2003) On the competition occurring between Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Italy. Environ Entomol 32:1313-1321
Edgerly JS, Willey MS, Livdahl TP (1993) The community ecology of Aedes egg hatching: implications for a mosquito invasion. Ecol Entomol 18:123-128
Edgerly JS, Willey MS, Livdahl TP (1999) Intraguild predation among larval treehole mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae), in laboratory microcosms. J Med Entomol 36:394-399
Ho BC, Ewert A, Chew LM (1989) Interspecific competition among Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae): larval development in mixed cultures. J Med Entomol 26:615-623
Livdahl TP, Willey MS (1991) Prospects for an invasion competition between Aedes albopictus and native Aedes triseriatus. Science 253:189-191
Lounibos LP, O'Meara GF, Escher RL, Nishimura N, Cutwa M, Nelson T, Campos RE, Juliano SA (2001) Testing Predictions of Displacement of Native Aedes by the Invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes Albopictus in Florida, USA. Biol Invasions 3:151-166
Novak MG, Higley LG, Christianssen CA, Rowley WA (1993) Evaluating larval competition between Aedes albopictus and A. triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) through replacement series experiments. Environ Entomol 22:311-318
Teng HJ, Apperson CS (2000) Development and survival of immature Aedes albopictus and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory: effects of density, food, and competition on response to temperature. J Med Entomol 37:40-52
Yee DA, Kaufman MG, Juliano SA (2007) The significance of rations of detritus types and micro-organism productivity to competitive interactions between aquatic insect detritivores. J Anim Ecol 76:1105-1115
Andricus spp.
Schönrogge K and Crawley MJ (2000) Quantitative webs as a means of assessing the impact of alien insects. J Anim Ecol 69:841-868
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Abbott KL (2005) Supercolonies of the invasive yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, on an oceanic island: forager activity patterns, density and biomass. Insect Soc 52:266-273
Abbott KL (2006) Spatial dynamics of supercolonies of the invasive yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Diversity and Distributions 12:101-110
Abbott KL (2007) Behaviourally and gentically distinct populations of an invasive ant provide insight into invasion history and impact on a tropical ant community. Biol Invasions 9:453-463
Abbott KL, Green PT (2007) Collapse of an ant-scale mutualism in a rainforest on Christmas Island. Oikos 116:1238-1246
Feare C (1999) Ants take over from rats on Bird Island, Seychelles. Bird Conserv Int 9:95-96
Gerlach J (2004) Impact of the invasive crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles. J Insect Conserv 8:15-25
Gillespie RG, Reimer N (1993) The effect of alien predatory ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Hawaiian endemic spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Pac Sci 47:21-33
Haines IH, Haines JB (1978) Pest status of the crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. Bull Entomol Res 68:627-638
Hill M, Holm K, Vel T, Shah NJ, Matyot P (2003) Impact of the introduced yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles. Biodivers Conserv 12:1969-1984
Lester PJ, Tavite A (2004) Long-Legged ants, Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), have invaded Tokelau, changing composition and dynamics of ant and invertebrate communities. Pac Sci 58:391-401
Meek PD (2000) The decline and current status of the Christmas Island Shrew Crocidura attenuata trichura on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Aust Mammal 22:43-49
O’Dowd DJ, Green PT, Lake, PS (2003) Invasion “meltdown” on an oceanic island. Ecol Lett 6:812-817
Sarty M, Abbott KL, Lester PJ (2007) Community level impacts of an ant invader and food mediated coexistence. Insect Soc 54:166-173
Soans AB, Soans JS (1971) A case of intergeneric competition and replacement in the ants, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius and Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon (Hymenoptera:Formicidae).J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 68:289-290
Veeresh GK, Gubbaiah (1984) A report on the 'crazy ant' (Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon) menace in Karnataka. J Soil Biol Ecol 4:65-73
Ward D, Beggs J (2007) Coexistence, habitat patterns and the assembly of ant communities in the Yasawa islands, Fiji. Acta Oecol 32:215-223
Aphidius ervi
Schellhorn NA, Kuhman TR, Olson AC, Ives AR (2002) Competition between native and introduced parasitoids of aphids: non-target effects and biological control. Ecology 83:2745-2757
Apis mellifera
Barthell JF, Randall JM, Thorp RW, Wenner AM (2001) Promotion of seed set in yellow star-thistle by honey bees: evidence of an invasive mutualism. Ecol Appl 11:1870-1883
Carmo RM do, Franceschinelli EV, Silveira FA da (2004) Introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) reduce pollination success without affecting the floral resource taken by native pollinators. Biotropica 36: 371-376
De La Rùa P, Serrano J, Galian J (2002) Biodiversity of Apis mellifera populations from Tenerife (Canary Islands) and hybridisation with East European races. Biodivers Conserv 11:59-67
Dupont YL, Hanse DM, Valido A, Olesen JM (2003) Impact of introduced honeybees on native pollination interactions of the endemic Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Biol Conserv 118:301-311
Goulson D and Derwent LC (2004) Synergistic interactions between an exotic honeybee and an exotic weed: pollination of Lantana camara in Australia. Weed Res 44:195-202
Goulson D, Stout JC, Kells AR (2002) Do exotic bumblebees and honeybees compete with native flower-visiting insects in Tasmania? J Insect Conserv 6:179-189
Gross CL (2001) The effect of introduced honeybees on native bee visitation and fruit-set in Dillwynia juniperina (Fabaceae) in a fragmented ecosystem. Biol Conserv 102:89-95
Gross CL, Mackay D (1998) Honeybees reduce fitness in the pioneer shrub Melastoma affine (Melastomataceae). Bio Conserv 86:169-178
Hansen DM, Olesen JM, Jones CG (2002) Trees birds and bees in Mauritius: Exploitable competition between introduced honeybees and endemic nectarivorous birds. J Biogeogr 29:721-734
Jensen AB, Palmer KA, Boomsma JJ, Pedersen BV (2005) Varying degrees of Apis mellifera ligustica introgression in protected populations of the black honeybee, Apis mellifera mellifera, in northwest Europe. Mol Ecol 14:93-106
Kato M, Shibata A, Yasui T, Nagamasu H (1999) Impact of introduced honeybees, Apis mellifera, upon native bee communities in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Res Pol Ecol 41:217-228
Oldroyd BP, Lawler SH, Crozier RH (1994) Do feral honey bees (Apis mellifera) and regent parrots (Polytelis anthopeplus) compete for nest sites? Austral J Ecol 19:444-450
Paini DR, Roberts JD (2005) Commercial honey bees (Apis mellifera) reduce the fecundity of an Australian native bee (Hylaeus alcyoneus). Biol Conserv 123:103-112
Paini DR, Williams MR, Roberts JD (2005) No short-term impact of honey bees on the reproductive success of an Australian native bee. Apidologie 36:613-621
Pinkus-Rendon MA, Parra-Tabla V, Meléndez-Ramírez V (2005) Floral resource use and interactions between Apis mellifera and native bees in cucurbit crops in Yucatán, México. Can Entomol 137:441-449
Roubik DW (1978) Competitive interactions between neotropical pollinators and Africanized honey bees. Science 201:1030-1032
Roubik DW(1982) Ecological impact of Africanized honeybees on native neotropical pollinators. Social insects in the tropics 1:233-247
Roubik DW, Wolda H (2001) Do competing honey bees matter? Dynamics and abundance of native bees before and after honey bee invasion. Pop Ecol 43:53-62
Roubik DW (1996) African honey bees as exotic pollinators in French Guiana. In Matheson A, Buchmann SL, O'Toole C, Westrich P, Williams ID (eds) The Conservation of Bees. Lin Soc Symp Series 18. Academic Press, London, pp 73-182