Virginia DOE Enhance Scope and Sequence

Revised 2013-14

Virginia DOE Enhance Scope and Sequence

Standards/Essential Questions

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Essential Knowledge/Skills/Understanding

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Resources/Assessment &

Activities

SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS
VS1 – The student will demonstrate responsible citizenship and develop skills for historical and geographical analysis including the ability to
a)  identify and interpret primary and secondary source documents to understand evens in history;
b)  determine cause and effect relationships;
c)  draw conclusions and make generalizations;
d)  make connections between past and present;
e)  interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives;
f)  evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing;
g)  analyze and interpret maps to explain relationships among landforms, water, features, climatic characteristics, and historical events.
h)  Evaluate and discuss issues orally and in writing;
i)  Analyze and interpret maps to explain relationships among landforms, water features, climatic characteristics, and historical events. / - The teacher should incorporate these essential skills into instruction throughout the year. / Resources/Activities/Assessments:
See Shared Folder
First Quarter
VS1
VS2
VS3 / THE LAND AND ITS FIRST INHABITANTS
VS2 – The student will demonstrate knowledge of the physical geography and native peoples, past and present of Virginia by
a)  locating Virginia and its bordering states on maps of the United States;
b)  locating and describing Virginia’s Coastal Plain (Tidewater), Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau;
c)  locating and identifying water features important to the early history of Virginia (Atlantic Ocean, Chesapeake Bay, James River, York River, Potomac River, Rappahannock River, and Lake Drummond and the Dismal Swamp). Many early Virginia cities developed along the Fall Line, the natural border between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont regions where the land rises sharply and where the waterfalls prevent further travel on the river.
d)  locating three American Indian language groups (the Algonquian, the Siouan, and the Iroquoian) on a map of Virginia;
e)  describing how American Indians related to the climate and their environment to secure food, clothing, and shelter.
f)  describing how archaeologists have recovered new material evidence through sites including Werowocomoco and Jamestown.
-  Why is archaeology important?
-  How can new findings change the understanding of history?
-  What was Werowocomoco?
-  What was Jamestown?
-  Archaeology is another way that helps people understand the past.
-  Recent archaeological digs have recovered new material evidence about Werowocomoco and historic Jamestown.
g) identifying and locating the current state-recognized tribes.
-  What are the names of the current state-recognized tribes?
-  Where are the current state-recognized tribes located in Virginia today?
-  American Indian people have lived in Virginia for thousands of years.
-  Today eight American Indian tribes in Virginia are recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia. / -  Locations of places can be described in relative terms.
-  Relative location to Virginia
-  Bordering bodies of water – Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay
-  Bordering states – Maryland, Kentucky, West Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina
-  Physical Regions have distinctive characteristics.
-  Geographic regions
a.  Coastal Plain (Tidewater) - flat land, location near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (includes Eastern Shore), East of the Fall Line.
b.  Piedmont (land at the foot of the mountains) – rolling hills, West of the Fall Line (the natural border between the Tidewater and Piedmont regions where waterfalls prevent further travel on the river)
c.  Blue Ridge Mountains – old, rounded mountains, part of the Appalachian mountain system, located between the Piedmont and Valley and Ridge regions, source of many rivers
d.  Valley and Ridge – includes the Great Valley of Virginia and the Allegheny Mountain Ridge (both the Blue Ridge and the Allegheny mountain system are part of the Appalachian mountain system), located west of Blue Ridge Mountains
e.  Appalachian Plateau (plateau: area of elevated land which is flat on top) located in Southwest Virginia, only a small part of the plateau is located in Virginia
-  Water features were important to the early history of Virginia.
-  Many early Virginia cities developed along the Fall Line.
-  The four major rivers that flow into the Chesapeake Bay are separated by peninsulas.
-  The Chesapeake Bay separates the Eastern Shore from the mainland of Virginia.
-  Water Features
a.  Atlantic Ocean – provided transportation links between Virginia and other places (e.g., Europe, Africa, Caribbean)
b.  Chesapeake Bay – provided a safe harbor, was a source of food and transportation
c.  James River – flows into the Chesapeake Bay, Richmond and Jamestown located along the James, was a source of food, provided pathway for exploration and settlement of Virginia
d.  York River – flows into the Chesapeake Bay, Yorktown located along the York River, was a source of food, provided pathway for exploration and settlement
e.  Rappahannock River – flows into Chesapeake Bay, Fredericksburg located on Rappahannock River, source of food, provided pathway for exploration and settlement
f.  Potomac River – flows into Chesapeake Bay, Alexandria located along the Potomac River, source of food, provided pathway for exploration and settlement
g.  Lake Drummond – located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region , shallow natural lake surrounded by the Dismal Swamp
h.  Dismal Swamp – located in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region, variety of wildlife, George Washington explored and surveyed the Dismal Swamp
-  A peninsula is a piece of land bordered by water on three sides.
-  The Eastern Shore is a peninsula bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the East.
-  American Indians were the first people to live in Virginia.
-  American Indians lived in all areas of the state.
-  Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and other tools that have been found tell a lot about the people who lived in Virginia.
-  There were three major language groups in Virginia
a.  Algonquian: spoken primarily in the Tidewater region; the Powhatans were part of this group.
b.  Siouan: spoken primarily in the Piedmont region; the Monacan were part of this group
c.  Iroquoian: spoken in Southwestern Virginia and in the Southern Virginia near what is today North Carolina; the Cherokee were a part of this group.
-  Christopher Columbus called the people he found in the lands he explored “Indians” because he thought he was in the Indies (near China).
-  Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and other tools that have been found tell us a lot about the people who lived in Virginia.
-  Virginia’s American Indians worked with the climate and their environment to meet their basic needs.
-  Virginia Indian cultures have changed over time.
-  Climate in Virginia – The climate in Virginia is relatively mild with distinct seasons-spring, summer, fall, and winter- resulting in a variety of vegetation.
-  Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover most of the land. Virginia’s Indians are referred to as Eastern Woodland Indians.
-  Environmental Connections – The kinds of foods they ate, the clothing they wore, and the shelters they had depended upon the seasons.
a.  Food changed with the seasons – In winter, they hunted birds and animals and lived on stored foods from the previous fall. In spring they hunted, fished and picked berries, in summer they grew crops. In the fall they harvested crops and hunted for foods to preserve and keep for the winter
b.  Animal skins (deerskins) were used for clothing.
c.  Shelter was made from materials around them.
-  Native peoples of the past farmed, hunted, and fished. They made homes using natural resources. The used animal skins for clothing in the winter.
-  Today, most native people live like other Americans. Their cultures have changed over time.
-  Some of our words today are Algonquian dialect words (e.g., Chesapeake, raccoon, opossum, moccasin, and tomahawk)
-  Archaeologists study all kinds of material evidence left from people of the past.
-  Werowocomoco was a large Indian town used by Indian leaders for several hundred years before the English settlers came. It was the headquarters of the leader, Powhatan in 1607.
-  Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Archaeologists have discovered the site of the original fort. The recovered artifacts give archaeologists clues about the interactions of English, Africans, and Indians in early Virginia.
-  American Indians, who trace their family history back to before 1607, continue to live in all parts of Virginia today.
-  The current state-recognized tribes are located in the following regions:
Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region
a.  Chickahominy Tribe
b.  Eastern Chickahominy Tribe
c.  Mattaponi Tribe
d.  Nansemond Tribe
e.  Pamunkey Tribe
f.  Rappahannock Tribe
g.  Upper Mattaponi Tribe
Piedmont Region
h.  Monacan Tribe / See Shared Folder
Essential Question
1- What are some ways that relative location can be described?
2- What large bodies of water border Virginia?
3- What states border Virginia?
4- What are some physical regions in Virginia?
5-How do the physical regions of Virginia differ?
6-Where are the physical regions of Virginia located?
7-Which water features were important to the early history of Virginia?
8-How did water features influence the development of Virginia?
9- How did the flow of rivers affect the settlement of Virginia?
10- What is a peninsula?
11- Where is the Eastern Shore located?
12- Why are native peoples called Indians?
13- What evidence do we have that American Indians lived in all areas of the state?
14- What were the three major language groups found in Virginia?
15- What are some characteristics of Virginia’s climate?
16- What are some ways Virginia’s American Indians related to the climate and interacted with their environment to meet their basic needs?
17 – How do Virginia’s American Indians live today in relation to the way they lived in the past?
Pronunciation Guide:
Werowocomoco:
weh-ro-wo-COM-o-co
(The pronunciation guide of this word will not be assessed on the test.)
Pronunciation Guide:
Chickahominy – CHICK-a-HOM-a-nee
Eastern Chickahominy
Mattaponi – mat-ta-po-NYE
Nansemond – NAN-sa-mund
Pamunkey – pa-MUN-kee
Rappahannock – RAP-a-HAN-nock
Upper Mattaponi
Monacan – MON-a-cun
COLONIZATION AND CONFLICT
VS3 – The student will demonstrate knowledge of the first permanent English settlement in America by
a)  explaining the reasons for English Colonization;
b)  describing how geography influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown;
c)  identifying the importance of the charters of the Virginia Company of London in establishing the Jamestown settlement;
d)  identifying the importance of the General Assembly (1619) as the first representative legislative body in English America.
e)  identifying the importance of the arrival of Africans and women to the Jamestown settlement;
f)  describing the hardships faced by settlers at Jamestown and the changes that took place in order to ensure survival;
g)  describing the interactions between the English settlers and the native peoples, including the contributions of Powhatan to the survival of the settlers. / -  Some European countries, including England, were in competition to increase their wealth and power by expanding their empires to America.
-  England wanted to establish an American colony to increase her wealth and power.
a.  It was important that England gain a foothold in America
b.  England had hoped to find silver and gold in America
c.  An American settlement would furnish raw materials that could not be grown or obtained in England, while opening new markets for trade.
-  Jamestown
a.  The stockholders of the Virginia Company of London financed the settlement of Jamestown.
b.  Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
c.  Jamestown was primarily an economic venture.
-  Location and physical characteristics influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown.
-  Reasons for site choice
a.  Jamestown is located on a narrow peninsula bordered by the James River.
b.  The location could be easily defended from attack by sea (Spanish).
c.  The water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock.
d.  They believed they had a good supply of fresh water.
-  The King of England had the power to grant charters allowing settlement in North America.
a.  Allowed for the formatting of a representative government.
-  The King of England granted charters to the Virginia Company of London to:
a.  Establish a settlement in North America, and
b.  Extend English rights to the settlers.
-  As Jamestown grew, the system of government evolved.
-  In 1619, the governor of Virginia called a meeting of the General Assembly. The General Assembly included two representatives (called “burgesses”) from each of the division of Virginia along with the governor’s council, and the governor. They met as one legislative body. (At that time, only certain free adult men had a right to take part.)
-  By the 1640s, the burgesses became a separate legislative body, call the House of Burgesses. The met separately from the Governor’s Council as one of the two legislative bodies of the General Assembly.
-  The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative body in English America giving settlers the opportunity to control their own government.
-  The current Virginia General Assembly dates from the establishment of the House of Burgesses at Jamestown in 1619.
-  The Virginia House of Burgesses later became the Virginia House of Delegates, which continues to this day.
-  Jamestown became a more diverse colony by 1619.
-  The arrival of additional women in 1620 made it possible for more settlers to establish families and a permanent settlement at Jamestown.
-  Portuguese sailors captured African men and women from what is present-day Angola. The status of these early African men and women as either servants or slaves in Virginia is unknown.
-  The first Africans arrived in Jamestown against their will in 1619. The arrival of the first Africans made it possible to expand the tobacco economy.
-  The English settlers found life in Jamestown harder than they had expected.
-  Hardships faced by the settlers
a.  Many settlers died of starvation and disease.
b.  The site they chose to live on as marshy and lacked safe drinking water.
c.  The settlers lacked some skills necessary to provide for themselves.
d.  The settlement lacked strong leadership until Captain John Smith attempted to pull the settlement together by establishing rules forcing colonists to work if they wished to eat.