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3.6CHEMISTRY(233)

3.6.1ChemistryPaper1(233/1)

1Thesetupbelowcanbeusedtoprepareoxygengas.Studyitandanswerthequestionsthat

follow.

(a)IdentifyX.(1mark)

(b)Whatpropertyofoxygenmakesitpossibleforittobecollectedasshownintheabove

setup?(1mark)

(c)Statetwousesofoxygen.(1mark)

2Writeequationstoshowtheeffectofheatoneachofthefollowing:

(a)sodiumhydrogencarbonate;(1mark)

(b)silvernitrate;(1mark)

(c)anhydrousiron(II)sulphate.(1mark)

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3Describeanexperimentalprocedurethatcanbeusedtoextractoilfromnutseeds.

4Intermsofstructureandbonding,explainthefollowingobservations:

(2marks)

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(a)themeltingpointofaluminiumishigherthanthatofsodium: (112marks)

(b)meltingpointofchlorineislowerthanthatofsulphur. (112marks)

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5Thediagrambelowillustratesamethodofpreparingsaltsbydirectsynthesis.

(a)Thismethodcanbeusedtoprepareeitheraluminiumchlorideoriron(III)chloride.

Explainwhyitcannotbeusedtopreparesodiumchloride. (1mark)

(b)Describehowasampleofsodiumchloridecanbepreparedinthelaboratorybydirect

6(a)Astudentelectroplatedaspoonwithcoppermetal.Writeanequationfortheprocess

thattookplaceatthecathode.(1mark)

(b)Calculatethetimeinminutesrequiredtodeposit1.184gofcopperifacurrentof

2ampereswasused.(1Faraday=96500coulombs,Cu=63.5).

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7Studytheflowchartbelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:

water

(2marks)

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HCl

ProcessZ

Polyvinylchloride

(a)Identify:

(i)X(1mark)

(ii)Y(1mark)

(b)Statetwousesofpolyvinylchloride.(1mark)

distinguishedfromeachother.(3marks)

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9Aqueoushydrogenchloridereactswithpotassiummanganate(VII)toproducechlorinegas,

whileasolutionofhydrogenchlorideinmethylbenzenehasnoeffectonpotassium

manganate(VII).Explainthisobservation.(2marks)

10ThetablebelowgivesthesolubilitiesofsubstancesTandUat10˚Cand40˚C.

Whenanaqueousmixturecontaining55gofTand12gofUat80˚Cwascooledto10˚C,

(a)Identifythecrystalsformed.(1mark)

(b)Determinethemassofthecrystalsformed.(1mark)

(c)Namethemethodusedtoobtainthecrystals.(1mark)

(a)Writeanequationforthereaction.(1mark)

(b)Usingthebondenergiesgivenbelow,calculatetheenthalpychangeforthereaction

in(a)above.(2marks)

12(a)Whatwouldbeobservedifsulphur(IV)oxideisbubbledthroughacidifiedpotassium

manganate(VII)?(1mark)

(b)Inanexperiment,sulphur(IV)oxidewasdissolvedinwatertoformsolutionL.

(i)Whatwouldbeobservedifafewdropsofbariumnitratesolution

wereimmediatelyaddedtosolutionL?(1mark)

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(ii)WriteanionicequationforthereactionthatoccurredbetweensolutionLand

aqueousbariumnitratein(b)(i)above.(1mark)

13TheschemebelowshowssomereactionsequencestartingwithsolidN.Studyitandanswer

thequestionsthatfollow.

(a)WritetheformulaofthecomplexioninsolutionQ. (1mark)

(b)WriteanequationforthereactioninstepIV. (1mark)

14(a)StatetheCharles’law.(1mark)

(b)Acertainmassofgasoccupies146dm3at291Kand98.31kPa.

Whatwillbeitstemperatureifitsvolumeisreducedto133dm3at101.325kPa?

(2marks)

15ThechromatogrambelowwasobtainedfromacontaminatedfoodsampleP.Contaminants

Q,R,SandTaresuspectedtobeinP.Useittoanswerthefollowingquestions.

(a)IdentifythecontaminantsinmixtureP.(1mark)

(b)WhichisthemostsolublecontaminantinP?(1mark)

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16Thecurvesbelowrepresentthechangeinmasswhenequalmassesofpowderedzincandzinc

granuleswerereactedwithexcess2Mhydrochloricacid.Studythemandanswerthequestion

below.

Whichcurverepresentsthereactionwithzincgranules?Explainyouranswer. (3marks)

17Whenfuelsburnintheinternalcombustionengineathightemperature,oneoftheproducts

formedisnitrogen(II)oxide.

(a)Writetheequationfortheformationofnitrogen(II)oxide. (1mark)

(b)Giveareasonwhynitrogen(II)oxideisnotformedatroomtemperature. (1mark)

(c)Describehowformationofnitrogen(II)oxideintheinternalcombustionengine

leadstogaseouspollution.(1mark)

18Theset-upbelowwasusedtoinvestigatetheproductsofburningbiogas(methane).Studyit

andanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

(a)Whatproductwillbeformedintest-tubeY?(1mark)

(b)StateandexplaintheobservationswhichwouldbemadeinZ. (2marks)

19(a)Diamondandgraphiteareallotropesofcarbon.Whatismeantbyanallotrope?

(1mark)

(b)Explainwhygraphitecanbeusedasalubricantwhilediamondcannot.

(2marks)

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20TheplotsbelowwereobtainedwhentheatomicradiiofsomeelementsingroupsIandII

wereplottedagainstatomicnumbers.

Explain:

(a)thetrendshownbyLi,NaandK.(1mark)

(b)whytheatomicradiiofelementsBe,MgandCaarelowerthanthoseofLi,NaandK.

(2marks)

21OnheatingapalegreensolidK,carbon(IV)oxidegasandablacksolidMwereformed.

OnreactingKwithdilutehydrochloricacid,carbon(IV)oxidegasandagreensolution

Swereformed.WhenexcessaqueousammoniawasaddedtosolutionS,adeepbluesolution

wasformed.

(a)IdentifythecationinsolidK.(1mark)

(b)IdentifythetwoanionsinsolutionS.(2marks)

22(a)Nametwooresfromwhichcopperisextracted.(1mark)

(b)Duringextractionofcoppermetal,theoreissubjectedtofrothflotation.Giveareason

whythisprocessisnecessary.(1mark)

(c)Nameonealloyofcopperandstateitsuse. (1mark)

Alloy

Use

23When15cm3ofagaseoushydrocarbon,P,wasburntin100cm3ofoxygen,theresulting

gaseousmixtureoccupied70cm3atroomtemperatureandpressure.Whenthegaseous

mixturewaspassedthroughpotassiumhydroxidesolution,itsvolumedecreasedto25cm3.

(a)Whatvolumeofoxygenwasusedduringthereaction? (1mark)

(b)Determinethemolecularformularofthehydrocarbon.(2marks)

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24Asolutionwasmadebydissolving8.2gofcalciumnitratetogive2litresofsolution.

(Ca=40.0;N=14.0;O=16.0).

Determinetheconcentrationofnitrateionsinmolesperlitre. (3marks)

25Stateandexplainwhatwouldhappenifadryredlitmuspaperwasdroppedinagasjarofdry

chlorine.(2marks)

26Byusingaqueoussodiumchloride,describehowastudentcandistinguishcalciumionsfrom

leadions.(2marks)

27AstudentinvestigatedapropertyofacidsMandNbyreactingequalvolumesofacidMandN

ofthesameconcentrationwithequalvolumesof2Mpotassiumhydroxide.Theresultswere

recordedinthetablebelow.

(a)Whichoftheacidsislikelytobeaweakacid?Explain. (2marks)

(b)Writetheequationforthereactionbetweenethanoicacidandpotassium

hydroxide.(1mark)

28Astudentinvestigatedtheeffectofanelectriccurrentbypassingitthroughsomesubstances.

Thestudentusedinertelectrodes,andconnectedabulbtothecircuit.Thetablebelowshows

thesubstancesusedandtheirstates.

(a)Inwhichexperimentsdidthebulbnotlight?(1mark)

(b)Explainyouranswerin(a)above.(2marks)

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Determinetherelativemolecularmassesofthemoleculesformed,wheneachofthese

isotopesisburntinoxygen.(O=16.0)

(2marks)

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3.6.2ChemistryPaper2(233/2)

1(a)Thegridgivenbelowrepresentspartoftheperiodictable.Studyitandanswerthe

questionsthatfollow.Thelettersdonotrepresenttheactualsymbolsofelements.

MNPT

(i)Selectaletterwhichrepresentsanelementthatloseselectronsmostreadily.

Giveareasonforyouranswer.(2marks)

(ii)ExplainwhytheatomicradiusofPisfoundtobesmallerthanthatofN.

(2marks)

(iii)ElementMreactswithwateratroomtemperaturetoproduce0.2dm3ofgas.

DeterminethemassofMwhichwasreactedwithwater.(Molargasvolumeat

roomtemperatureis24dm3,RelativeatomicmassofM=7). (3marks)

(b)Usetheinformationinthetablebelowtoanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

(Thelettersarenotthesymbolsoftheelements)

Identifyaletterwhichrepresentsanelementinthetablethatcouldbecalcium,

carbonorsulphur.Giveareasonineachcase.

(i)Calcium:...... (2marks)

Reason......

(ii)Carbon:...... (2marks)

Reason......

(iii)Sulphur:...... (2marks)

Reason......

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2(a)(i)Whatismeantbytheterm‘Enthalpyofformation’? (1mark)

(ii)Theenthalpiesofcombustionofcarbon,methaneandhydrogenareindicated

below:

C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g);∆H=-393kJmol-1

EnthalpyofcombustionofCH4=-890kJmol-1

IDrawanenergycyclediagramthatlinkstheenthalpyofformationof

methanetoenthalpiesofcombustionofcarbon,hydrogenandmethane.

(2marks)

IIDeterminetheenthalpyofformationofmethane. (2marks)

(b)Anexperimentwascarriedoutwheredifferentvolumesofdilutehydrochloricacid

andaqueoussodiumhydroxidebothat25℃weremixedandstirredwitha

thermometer.Thehighesttemperaturereachedbyeachmixturewasrecordedinthe

tablebelow:

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(i)Onthegridprovided,plotagraphofhighesttemperature(verticalaxis)against

volumeofhydrochloricacid(horizontalaxis).(3marks)

(ii)Usingyourgraph,determinethe:

Ihighesttemperaturereached;(21mark)

IIvolumeofacidandbasereactingwhenhighesttemperatureis

reached;(21mark)

(iii)Calculatetheamountofheatliberatedduringtheneutralisationprocess.

(Specificheatcapacityis4.2Jg-1K-1andthedensityofsolutionsis1.0gcm-3).

(2marks)

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(c)Themolarenthalpyofneutralisationbetweenhydrochloricacidandammoniasolution

wasfoundtobe-52.2kJmol-1,whilethatofhydrochloricacidandsodiumhydroxide

was-57.1kJmol-1.Explainthedifferenceinthesevalues. (2marks)

3(a)ThediagrambelowshowstheFraschprocessusedforextractionofsulphur.

Useittoanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

(i)IdentifyX.(1mark)

(ii)Whyisitnecessarytousesuperheatedwaterinthisprocess? (1mark)

(iii)Statetwophysicalpropertiesofsulphurthatmakesitpossibleforittobe

extractedbythismethod.(2marks)

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(b)Thediagrambelowshowspartoftheprocessesinthemanufactureofsulphuric(VI)

acid.Studyitandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

CHAMBERA

CATALYTIC

CHAMBERB

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(i)Writeanequationfortheformationofsulphur(IV)oxidefromsulphur.

(1mark)

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(ii)Whatistheroleofconcentratedsulphuric(VI)acidinchamberA? (1mark)

(iii)NametwocatalyststhatcanbeusedinthecatalyticchamberB. (2marks)

(iv)Statetworolesoftheheatexchanger.(2marks)

(c)Explainonewayinwhichsulphur(IV)oxideisapollutant. (1mark)

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(d)Whatobservationwillbemadewhenafewdropsofconcentratedsulphuric(VI)acid

areaddedtocrystalsofsugar?Explainyouranswer. (1mark)

4(a)Thesetupbelowcanbeusedtoproducesodiumhydroxidebyelectrolysingbrine.

(i)IdentifygasY.(1mark)

(ii)Describehowaqueoussodiumhydroxideisformedintheaboveset-up.

(2marks)

(iii)Oneoftheusesofsodiumhydroxideisinthemanufacturingofsoaps.

Stateoneotheruseofsodiumhydroxide.(1mark)

(b)Studytheinformationgiveninthetablebelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

D2aq)+2e$D(s)-0.13

E+aq)+e$E(s)+0.80

F3aq)+e$F2aq)+0.68

G2aq)2e$G(s)-2.87

H2aq)+2e$H(s)+0.34

J+aq)+e$J(s)-2.71

(i)Constructanelectrochemicalcellthatwillproducethelargestemf. (3marks)

(ii)Calculatetheemfofthecellconstructedin(i)above. (2marks)

madeofH?(2marks)

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5(a)Describeonemethodthatcanbeusedtodistinguishbetweensodiumsulphate

andsodiumhydrogensulphate.(2marks)

(b)Describehowapuresampleoflead(II)sulphatecanbepreparedinthelaboratory

startingwithleadmetal.(3marks)

(c)Studytheflowchartbelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:

NH4Cl(s)

StepI,

heating

NH3(g)HCl(g)

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Nitric(V)acid

Fe(s)

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NH4NO3(s)H2O(l)FeCl2(aq)

StepII,StepIII,

heatH2O2

SubstanceX+H2O(l)SubstanceZ

NaOH(aq)

StepIV

Heat

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Fe2O3(s)

Steam

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StepV

Carbon,heat

Fe(s)

(i)Writeanequationforthereactionin:

IstepII;(1mark)

IIstepIV.(1mark)

(ii)StatetheobservationmadeinstepIII.Explain. (2marks)

(iii)NameanothersubstancethatcanbeusedinstepV. (1mark)

6(a)Distinguishbetweenaneutronandaproton.(1mark)

(b)Whatismeantbyaradioactivesubstance?(1mark)

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(c)Statetwodangersassociatedwithradioactivesubstancesintheenvironment.

(2marks)

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(d)Thetwoisotopesofhydrogen,deuterium^12Dhandtritium^13Threacttoformelement

Yandneutronparticles,accordingtotheequationbelow:

23a1

(i)Whatistheatomic:

(I)massofY;(1mark)

(II)numberofY.(1mark)

(ii)Whatnameisgiventothetypeofreactionundergonebytheisotopesof

(e)(i)Whatismeantbyhalf-lifeofaradioactivesubstance? (1mark)

(ii)288gofaradioactivesubstancedecayedto9gin40days.Determinethe

half-lifeoftheradioactivesubstance.(2marks)

7(a)Givethesystematicnamesforthefollowingcompounds:

(i)CH3CH2COOH;(1mark)

(ii)CH3CH2CH2CHCH2;(1mark)

(iii)CHCCH2CH3.(1mark)

(b)Studytheflowchartbelowanduseittoanswerthequestionsthatfollow:

Prop-l-eneM

stepI

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Propan-1-01

stepII

sodiummetal

stepIII

Products

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CH3CH2COOH(aq)

Na2CO3(S)

CH3CH2COONa(aq)CO2(g)H2O(l)

mixtureofNaOHandCa(OH)2

(sodalime)

organiccompoundK

(i)IdentifytheorganiccompoundK.(1mark)

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(ii)WritetheformulaofM.(1mark)

(iii)Giveonereagentthatcanbeusedin:

(I)stepI;(1mark)

(II)stepII.(1mark)

(iv)WritetheequationofthereactioninstepIII. (1mark)

(c)Thestructurebelowrepresentsatypeofacleansingagent.

RSO-3Na+

Describehowthecleansingagentremovesgreasefromapieceofcloth. (3marks)

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3.6.3ChemistryPaper3(233/3)

1Youareprovidedwith:

·solutionA,aqueouscopper(II)sulphate;

·solidB,ironpowder;

·0.02Macidifiedpotassiummanganate(VII),solutionC.

Youarerequiredtodeterminethemolarheatofdisplacementofcopperbyiron.

ProcedureI

Usingaburette,place50.0cm3ofsolutionAina100mlbeaker.Measurethetemperatureof

thesolutionandrecorditintable1below.AddallofsolidBprovidedatonceandstartastop

watch.Stirthemixturethoroughlywiththethermometerandrecordthetemperatureofthe

mixtureaftereveryoneminuteinthetable.RetainthemixtureforuseinprocedureIIbelow.

Table1

(3marks)

(a)(i)Plotagraphoftemperature(verticalaxis)againsttimeinthegridprovided.

(3marks)

(ii)Fromthegraph,determinethe;

(I)highestchangeintemperature,ΔT;(1mark)

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(iii)Calculatetheheatchangeforthereaction.(Specificheatcapacityofsolutionis

4.2Jg-1K-1;Densityofthesolutionis1gcm-3). (2marks)

ProcedureII

CarefullydecantthemixtureobtainedinprocedureIintoa250mlvolumetricflask.Add

about10cm3ofdistilledwatertotheresidueinthe100mlbeaker.Shakewell,allow

themixturetosettleandcarefullydecantintothevolumetricflask.Immediately,addabout

50cm3of2Msulphuric(VI)acidtothemixtureinthevolumetricflask.Addmoredistilled

watertomake250.0cm3ofsolution.LabelthisassolutionD.

FillaburettewithsolutionC.Usingapipetteandapipettefiller,place25.0cm3ofsolutionD

intoa250mlconicalflask.TitratesolutionDagainstsolutionCuntilthefirstpermanent

pinkcolourisobtained.Recordyourresultsintable2below.Repeatthetitrationtwomore

timesandcompletethetable.RetaintheremainingsolutionCforuseinquestion3.

Table2

IIIIII

Finalburettereading

Initialburettereading

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VolumeofsolutionCused(cm3)

(4marks)

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(b)Calculatethenumberofmolesof:

(i)aqueouspotassiummanganate(VII)used;(1mark)

(ii)iron(II)ionsin25.0cm3ofsolutionD.(1moleofMnO-4reactswith5moles

ofFe2+).(1mark

(iii)iron(II)ionsin250cm3ofsolutionD.(1mark)

(c)Calculatethemolarheatofdisplacementofcopperbyiron. (2marks)

2YouareprovidedwithsolidE.Carryoutthefollowingtestsandwriteyourobservationsand

inferencesinthespacesprovided.

(a)PlaceallofsolidEinaboilingtube.Addabout10cm3ofdistilledwaterandshake

thoroughly.Filterthemixtureintoanotherboilingtube.Retainthefiltrateforusein

test2(b)below.Drytheresidueusingpiecesoffilterpapers.

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(i)Transferabouthalfofthedryresidueintoadrytest-tube.Heattheresidue

stronglyandtestanygasproducedusingaburningsplint.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(ii)Placetherestoftheresidueinadrytest-tube.Add4cm3of2Mhydrochloric

acid.Retainthemixturefortest(iii)below.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(iii)To2cm3ofthesolutionobtainedin(ii)above,add6cm3ofaqueousammonia

dropwise.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(b)(i)To2cm3ofthefiltrateobtainedin(a)above,addabout3cm3ofaqueous

ammonia(Excess).

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(ii)To2cm3ofthefiltrate,addabout2cm3of2Mhydrochloricacid.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(iii)To2cm3ofthefiltrate,addoneortwodropsofbariumnitratesolution.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

100’

]

3YouareprovidedwithsolidG.Carryoutthetestsin(a)and(b)andwriteyourobservations

andinferencesinthespacesprovided.Describethemethodusedinpart(c).

(a)PlaceaboutonethirdofsolidGonametallicspatulaandburnitinaBunsenburner

flame.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(b)DissolvealloftheremainingsolidGinabout10cm3ofdistilledwaterinaboiling

tube.Usethesolutionfortests(b)(i),(ii)and(c).

(i)Place2cm3ofthesolutioninatest-tubeandadd2dropsofacidifiedpotassium

manganate(VII);solutionC.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(ii)To2cm3ofthesolution,addallofsolidsodiumhydrogencarbonateprovided.

ObservationsInferences

(1mark)(1mark)

(c)DeterminethepHofthesolutionobtainedin(b)above.

MethodusedInferences

(2marks)(1mark)

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