UNIT 3 GRAMMAR 6Thg COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

UNIT 3 GRAMMAR 6thG COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1.- COUNTABLES

-These refers to things which can be counted: A car / two cars.

A)Countable nouns with plural

1.- By adding -s: a cat / three cats

2.- By adding -es (for countable nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -o)

a bus / two buses, a glass / nine glasses,

a dish / seven dishes, a church / five churches,

a fox / four foxes, a potatoe / six potatoes.

3.- By adding -ies (for countable nouns ending in consonant + y)

one party / two parties.

B)Irregular countable nouns

1.- Vowel change:

man / men, woman / women,

foot /feet, tooth / teeth,

goose / geese, mouse / mice

2.- Adding -en:

child / children, ox / oxen.

3.- Change f or fe into ves:

thief / thieves, wife / wives

life / lives, knife / knives

calf / calves, half / halves

leaf / leaves, self / selves.

4.- Without any difference:

4.1.- No plural form:

fish, salmon, sheep, deer, cheneese, japaneese, swiss,...

4.2.- No singular form:

scissors, trousers, series, shorts, glasses,...

2.- UNCOUNTABLES

- These refers to things cannot be counted. We use some (alguno / a /os /as) and any (ninguno / a / os /as)

- To change into countable noun an uncountable nount we use:

a / an + Containeer + of + Uncountable noun

Examples:

A bottle of milk: ______

A glass of wine: ______

A cup of tea: ______

A loaf of bread: ______

A slice of bread: ______

A packet of coffe: ______

A jar of jam: ______

A can of coke: ______

A bowl sugar: ______

A piece of cheese: ______

A tin of tuna:______

A clove of garlic: ______

- We can divide uncountable nouns into five groups:

1.- Substances: coal, food, ice, iron, rice, steed, water,...

2.- Human qualities: courage, cruelty, honesty, patience,...

3.- Feelings: happiness, respect, joy, anger,...

4.- Activities: aid, help, sleep, travel, work, …

5.- Ideas: beauty, death, freedom, fun, life,...

3.- THERE BE (haber)

Affirmative / Negative / Question
COUNT. / Sing. / THERE IS
a-an /one
There is a book / THERE ISN´T
a-an /one
There isn´t a book / IS THERE?
a-an /one
Is there a book?
Plur. / THERE ARE
some / nº
There are some books
There are nine books / THERE AREN´T
any /no / nº
There aren´t any books
There are no books
There aren´t nine books / ARE THERE?
any / some / nº
Are there any books ?
Are there some books ?
Are there nine books ?
UNCOUNT. / THERE IS
Some
There is some rice / THERE ISN´T
any /no
There isn´t any rice
There is no rice / IS THERE?
any / some
Is there any rice ?
Is there some rice ?

4.- SOME, ANY, NO

BODY / ONE / THING / WHERE
SOME / Somebody
Someone / Something / Somewhere
ANY / Anybody
Anyone / Anything / Anywhere
NO / Nobody
None / Nothing / Nowhere

5.- QUANTIFIERS

COUNTABLES / BOTH / UNCOUNTABLES
SOME (algún)
Any / No (ningún)
MANY (muchos) / A LOT OF / LOTS OF (mucho /s) / MUCH (mucho)
A FEW (pocos) / A LITTLE (poco)
ENOUGH / NOT ENOUGH (suficiente)
EVERY (cada)