Name ______

Topic 19 Guided Notes

Data and Graphs

Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.1 Reading and Making Graphs
New Terms
Double-line graphs

Trend
Double-bar graphs

Review Terms
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-4 on page 477.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: P. 5-14 p. 477 in textbook. / show _____ similar sets of ______, with connecting ______segments.
is a ______direction in the _____ that can help you ______what the _____ might be in the ______.
show _____ similar sets of ______represented as ______, on one ______.
Data, or information, can be very hard to interpret if it isn’t organized in some way. There are many different ways to organize data. Double-line graphs and double-bar graphs are two common ways you will see data organized.
You need to be able to make and interpret these graphs.
Every graph should have:
1. A title/name for the graph
2. Labels on the horizontal axis (x-axis) and the vertical axis (y-axis).
3. The horizontal axis should be broken into categories in equal intervals. Categories can be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative (words that describe).
4. The vertical axis should be broken into equal intervals. Most, but not all, of the time the numbering will start with zero.
5. The lines or bars should be in different colors to highlight the fact that they represent two different data sets.
6. A key/legend to the data should be made for each graph stating what each line/bar color represents.
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Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.2 & 19.3 Circle Graphs & Comparing Graphs
New Terms
Circle graphs

Review Terms
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-5 on page 481 & 1-5 on p. 485
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 6-13 P. 481 & 6-8 p. 485 in textbook.
Group Work
1-5 on page 481 & 1-5 on p. 485
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 6-13 P. 481 & 6-8 p. 485 in textbook. / show how ______parts of a set of _____ compare to the ______set.
A circle graph is another very common way to organize data. The circle, or pie, graph usually represents 1 whole with each piece of the pie a percentage of the whole.
Every circle graph has:
  1. A title
  2. A key/legend stating what each color represents
  3. The circle broken into “pie pieces” that correspond to the percentage value compared to the whole.
  4. All percentages of the pieces should = 100%
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Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.5 Mean, Median, Mode & Range
New Terms
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
Review Terms
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-7 on page 490.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 8-12 even 22-25 P. 491 in textbook. / is the ___ of all the data in a set ______by the total ______of data ______in the set. This is also called the average.
is the middle _____ in a data set that is ______in numerical ______.
is the ______or ______that occurs most ____ in the data set.
describes how ______out a data ____ is.
Mean, median, mode, and range tell us a lot about data. You need to know how to calculate, interpret, and use the information. These are all called measures of central tendency.
To calculate the meanadd up all of the values in the data set and divide by the total number of data values in the set.
If Billy scored 73, 92, 85, & 94 on his quizzes what is his average score (mean)?
73+92+85+94=344; 344/4=86=mean
To determine the median of a data set place all of the data values in numerical order from least to greatest and find the data that is exactly in the middle. The median is the middle point in the data, so 1/2 of your data points are below the median and 1/2 of your data points are above the median.
Billy’s classes’ averages in order are 81, 86, 92, 93, and 97. So the median is 92.
When there is not middle data point, you select the two data points that are in the middle and divide by two. So the median of Billy’s scores would be (73, 85, 92, 94) 85+92=177/2=88.5=median
To determine the mode put the data in order. (If it’s quantitative/numerical put the data in order from least to greatest. If it’s qualitative/words put the data in alphabetical order). Then select the data value or word that occurs the most.
The class quiz scores are: 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10; 10 is the mode. There CAN be more than 1 mode in a data set.
The team names are: Iguanas, Flyers, Flyers ,Monkeys; Flyers is the mode.
To determine the range subtract the least number in the data set from the greatest number in the data set.
Billy’s classes’ averages in order are 81, 86, 92, 93, and 97. So the
range is 97-81=16.
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Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.6 Frequency Tables and Histograms
New Terms
Frequency Table

Histogram

Outlier
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-4 on page 495.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 5-10 P. 495 in textbook. / Shows the number of ____ a data ______or ______of values occurs in a data set.
is a ______that uses bars to show the ______of equal ______or groups of ______.
is a ______point that has a ______much ______or much ____ than the other points in a data set.
Frequency tables are histograms are too more tools for organizing and interpreting data. The information from frequency tables can help you build histograms.
Here’s how to make a frequency table:

To use the information to make a histogram:
1. Put a title on the graph
2. Use the frequency data to choose a scale/interval for the vertical axis (y-axis).
3. Use the ranges from your frequency table as the intervals for the horizontal axis (x-axis).
4. Graph the data by drawing a bar for each interval. Unlike a bar graph THERE ARE NO SPACES BETWEEN THE BARS!

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Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.8 Appropriate Use of Statistical Measures
New Terms
Review Terms
Mode
Mean
Median
Range
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-4 on page 500.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 5-17 P. 500 in textbook. / When is the best time to use mean, mode, median, and range? You have learned a lot of terms and how to calculate/determine mean, mode, median, and range, but sometimes it makes more sense to use one kind of measure of central tendency over another.
To figure out which are the best measures of central tendency for analysis to answer questions takes and understanding of the measures, an understanding of what you are trying to figure out, practice and some common sense.
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and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.9 Samples & Surveys
New Terms
Survey
Populations
Sample
Random Sampling
Representative sample
Biased Sample
Review Terms
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-5 on page 502.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 6-17 P. 503 in textbook.
Group Work
1-5 on page 502.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 6-17 P. 503 in textbook. / ______questions to ______data.
are an ______group of people or ______.
A _____ of the population.
is when each ______of the population has an ______chance of ______chosen.
is a sample that ______a good ______for a population.
is a sample in which ______the size of the sample, or the ______of sample ______is not a good match to the entire ______.
Surveys are taken all the time; who will you vote for, what is your favorite ice cream, do you think Mr. Levine’s back is really hairy?
In order for surveys to be useful and to provide good information it is important that your survey questions be asked to a population that is representative. For example, if you were asking people about Mr. Levine you would want your population to
1. know who Mr. Levine is
2. be large enough that the survey wouldn’t be biased
3. have people within the population asked randomly so you aren’t just asking a bunch of people who might have one opinion or one characteristic that defines that part of the sample.
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Key Words/Topic
and Assignments / Information, Definitions, Solutions
19.10 Using Statistics to Draw Conclusion
Today’s Concept
Group Work
1-5 on page 507.
Show work when appropriate.
Use complete sentences when appropriate.
Don’t forget your labels.
HOMEWORK: 6-11 P. 507 in textbook. / So far you’ve learned a lot about making, and interpreting, different kinds of graphs and how to collect, and organize, information through surveys.
People, and organizations, conduct surveys all of the time. Sometimes there populations are biased and that affects the results of the survey. Sometimes the questions themselves are flawed, biased, or misleading. Sometimes it is intentional trying to make the survey results favor an outcome that would help the group conducting the survey.
As you encounter information from surveys you must always be skeptical and ask your self some questions:
  1. Who conducted the survey?
  2. Do the questions seemed worded in such a way that the answers would be influenced by the questions?
  3. Do the survey takers have something to gain, or lose, by the results of the survey?
You can’t always trust what you hear or read especially regarding survey data and statistics. One change of a word in a question can dramatically change the results of the survey.
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