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Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed

Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 12

Student Study Guide

Juvenile Justice Systems

Chapter 12

Flashcards

Definitions
Front / Back
The process of decision making by a court; normally used to refer to juvenile proceedings.The term is also used to refer to rule enforcement by administrative agencies. / Adjudication
The continued supervision of juveniles after they are released from a correctional facility; similar to the term parolein adult criminal court systems. / Aftercare
The process used to remove juveniles from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court to that of the adult criminal court; also called transferor waiver. / Certification
Facilities for the temporary confinement of juveniles in custody who are awaiting court disposition. / Detention centers
The final decision of a court in a criminal proceeding to accept a plea, to find the defendant guilty or not guilty, or to terminate the proceedings against the defendant. / Disposition
In prosecution, the first review of a case by an official in the prosecutor’s office.Weak cases may be weeded out at this stage; in juvenile courts the reception of a juvenile against whom complaints have been made.The decision to dismiss or proceed with a case is made at this stage. / Intake decision
A young person under age for certain privileges, such as voting or drinking alcoholic beverages.If accused of a criminal or juvenile offense, usually a juvenile is not tried by an adult criminal court but is processed in the juvenile court. / Juvenile
The court having jurisdiction over juveniles who are accused of delinquent acts or offenses or criminal acts or who are in need of supervision because they are being neglected or mistreated by their parents or guardians. / Juvenile court
A person under legal age (the maximum age varies among the states from 16 to 21, but 18 is the most common) whom a juvenile court has determined to be incorrigible or in violation of a criminal statute. / Juvenile delinquent
Literally, “parent of the country”; the doctrine from English common law that was the basis for allowing the state to take over guardianship of a child.In the United States the doctrine forms the basis for juvenile court jurisdiction.The doctrine presumes that the state acts in the best interests of the child. / Parens patriae
A formal document for filing an action in juvenile court, in contrast to a grand jury indictment or prosecutor’s presentment in the criminal court. / Petition
A class of crime that does not consist of proscribed action or inaction but, rather, of the personal condition or characteristic of the accused–for example, being a vagrant.In juvenile law, a variety of acts that would not be considered criminal if committed by an adult–examples, being insubordinate, truant, or running away from home. / Status offense
A secure corrections facility to which juveniles are confined by court order. / Training school
True/False
Front / Back
Female juveniles typically participate in gang for the same reasons as their male counterparts, i.e., a sense of belonging. / True
Juveniles have all the same constitutional rights guaranteed to adults. / False
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that courts do not have the right to preventatively detain juveniles for the safety of themselves and society. / False
Studies demonstrate that minorities are disproportionately represented in the juvenile justice system. / True
In 2005, 10 percent of all juvenile cases were waived to the adult court system. / False
The Illinois Sex Offender Registration Act outlines the legal guidelines providing for sex offender registries for juveniles. / True
The purpose of the cottage system for juvenile offenders was to ensure that youth resided in a location where education would be the key focal point of reformation. / False
The least physically secure facilities are known as training schools. / False
Between 1969 and 1973, Jerome G. Miller closed down the state of Missouri’s juvenile institutions, placing juveniles in community-based facilities. / False
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled it unconstitutional to execute any person under the age of 18. / False
Questions
Front / Back
In England the ______courts were established for the purpose of avoiding the harshness of the strict technicalities of the English common law. / equity
______was interpreted in England to mean that the sovereign had the responsibility to oversee any children in the kingdom who might be neglected or abused. / Parens patriae
Which city is considered to be the murder capital of the United States? / Los Angeles
______, decided in 1966, is important because it signaled the beginning of the movement to infuse juvenile court proceedings with some due process elements. / Kent v. United States
Identify the first juvenile case from a state court to be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. / In re Gault
In 1975, in ______, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the constitutional provision that defendants may not be tried twice for the same offense applies to juveniles. / Breed v. Jones
In 1993, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld the ______, emphasizing that the ordinance was narrowly tailored to further the city's compelling interest in reducing and preventing juvenile crime and victimization. / Dallas ordinance
______means that the juvenile court waives jurisdiction; the case is transferred from the juvenile court to the adult criminal court; or the juvenile court certifies that the juvenile should be tried as an adult. / Certification
Identify the program designed for runaways and their families. / Respite care
Which movement began with an emphasis on probation, foster homes, and community treatment centers for juveniles? / Deinstitutionalization
Fill-in-the-Blank
Front / Back
The processing of juveniles through the juvenile court system differs not only in purpose but in vocabulary. For example, instead of finding a youth guilty in juvenile court they are ______. / Adjudicated
Theoretically, ______does not refer to children processed through juvenile courts because they are in need of supervision, because they are dependent or neglected, or because they are abused. / Delinquency
If a decision is made to detain a juvenile, that individual is taken to ______. / Intake screening
Warnings and reprimands are examples of ______. / Nominal dispositions
______in juvenile courts are similar to those in adult criminal courts: restitution, fine, community service, suspended disposition, or community supervision. / Conditional dispositions
A(n) ______also called ______, means that the juvenile court waives jurisdiction, the case is transferred from the juvenile court to the adult criminal court, or the juvenile court certifies that the juvenile should be tried as an adult. / Waiver; transfer or certification
A variation of the adult drug courts used for juveniles is known as a ______. / Juvenile drug court
The process of diverting youth out of institutions and into community based correctional alternatives is known as ______. / Deinstitutionalization
When juveniles in custody are released from institutions and placed on parole, this is usually called ______. / Aftercare
______care is designed for runaways and their families to give them an opportunity to get a break from one another. / Respite