Chapter 5 Europe: Landscapes Test

Chapter 5 Europe: Landscapes Test

Section A: Landscapes from ice

Once new landscapes are formed, like glacial valleys and corries, they can be changed by weathering and erosion.

(a)What is weathering?(2 marks)

______

(b)The sequence of diagrams shows a type of weathering. Name this in the space left for the title. Add your own annotations to the sequence to explain what is happening, including the processes involved.(3 marks)

Title: ______

(a)Describe the following glacial processes or features:

(i)plucking: ______

______

(ii)abrasion:______

______

(iii) firn:______

______

(iv)hanging valley:______

______

(4 marks)

(b)Study the diagram below. It shows a glaciated mountain area after the ice has melted.
Name the features numbered: (3 marks)

1 ______

2 ______

3 ______

(c)Explain how feature 3 was formed. (2 marks)

______

(a)What type of mountains are the Alps? (1 mark)

______

(b)Draw a simple annotated diagram or diagrams explaining how they were formed.(3 marks)

The Aletsch glacier in Switzerland is the longest and largest in Europe.

(a)How and why is it changing?(1 mark)

______

(b)Study the photograph below of the Aletsch glacier. Label 4 of the different glacial features it shows.(4 marks)

(c)Give two reasons why it is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site.(2 x 1 mark)

(i)______

______

(ii)______

______

Choose one of the following economic activities in the Alps: farming, winter tourism or summer tourism. Describe some of the problems caused by your chosen industry. Include named locations in your answer.(5 marks)

Chosen economic activity: ______

______

(Section A total = 30 marks)

Section B: Rivers

Rivers are divided into three distinctive sections – the upper, middle and lower courses. Complete the table below by drawing a cross section of the valley and two features found in each section.(3 x 2 marks)

Cross section of valley
(drawing) / Two main features
Upper course / 1.
2.
Middle course / 1.
2.
Lower course / 1.
2.

Meanders are common features in the middle courses of rivers. Below is a diagram (a) showing how a meander begins. There are also two more boxes for you to draw two more diagrams to show how the meander develops. You should add annotations to both the new diagrams (b and c)to explain the processes taking place. You should show where the line of fastest flow occurs.
(2 x 2 marks)

(a)The River Rhine is not one of the top ten longest rivers in Europe, but it is one of the most important. Give two reasons why:

(i) ______

______

(ii)______

______

(2 x 1 mark)

(b)Where is the source of the River Rhine?(1 mark)

______

(c)Where does the river get its water from?(2 marks)

______

The photo below shows the famous Rhine Falls near Schaffhausen, in the upper course of the river. Write down two more important facts about the Falls:

(i)______

______

(ii)______

______

(2 x 1 mark)

Complete these statements about the middle course of the River Rhine.(5 x 1 mark)

The middle course of the Rhine starts at ______in ______.

The first section is the Upper Rhine Valley, an ancient ______valley formed by ______.

On either side are ______mountains like the Vosges in ______.

The second section is the ______. This was formed when the land was

______, creating very steep sides.

Castles were built here in the Middle Ages to collect ______from boats using the river.

(a)The Lower course of the Rhine begins after Bonn. Describe what the physical landscape looks like at this point.(2 marks)

______

(b)Name two human activities found here. Include named examples in your answers.(2 x 1 mark)

(i)______

(ii)______

(a)Very little of the River Rhine remains in its natural state in its lower course. Describe one way in which it has been altered and explain why. (3 marks)

______

(b)The Rhine enters the North Sea via a delta. Describe how a delta like this forms. Use the following words in your answer:
sediments; deposition; tidal; distributaries.

______

(3 marks)

(Section B total = 30 marks)

Section C: Coasts

(a)There are two main types of waves. Complete the table below comparing their different characteristics.

Wave characteristics / Constructive / Destructive
Impact on coast / deposition / erosion
Height
Frequency (per minute)
Backwash
swash

(2 marks)

(b)Describe two ways in which geology helps shape coastal features.(2 x 1 mark)

(i)______

______

(ii) ______

______

Describe the following coastal processes:

(i)hydraulic action:

______

(ii)abrasion:

______

(2 x 1 mark)

Study the diagram below. It shows a range of features which may form when a headland is eroded.

(a)Name the features found at:

1______

2______

3______

4______

(2 marks)

(b)Describe how feature 2 was formed.(2 marks)

______

(a)Add the correct word to match each description:

______rocks like chalk which allow water to soak into it

______the name given to rocks which store water underground

______-______upland areas with one steep side and one gently sloping side

(3 marks)

(b)Study the photo below, part of the Seven Sisters coast in S E England.

Name the features found at:

1______

2______

3______

4______

(2 marks)

(a)This area of coast (Seven Sisters) is protected from development. Explain what this means.
(2 marks)

______

(b)Name two ways in which it is being protected:(2 x 1 mark)

(i)______

(ii)______

(c)Explain one disadvantage from leaving it undeveloped(1 mark)

______

(a)Beaches help protect the coastline. Explain how. (2 marks)

______

(b)Draw an annotated diagram to show how longshore drift moves material along the coast.
(3 marks)

Explain why the area behind spits are ideal places for salt marsh to develop. (2 marks)

______

Study the photo below showing old, stable sand dunes.

(a)Explain why this particular type of grass – marram grass – has been planted here. (1 mark)

______

(b)Describe two ways (apart from age!) in which younger sand dunes differ from older sand dunes.(2 marks)

(i)______

______

(ii)______

______

Describe how the two lines of sand dunes were formed between the Delta and Frisian Islands along the Netherlands coast. Use these words in your answer: sandbanks; colonise; storms; Old dunes; Younger dunes.(4 marks)

______

(a)The Zuid-Kennermerland National Park is located on the sand dune coast of North Holland between Zandvoort and Ijmuiden. What is the main aim of this and all the country’s National Parks? (1 mark)

______

(b)How does biodiversity change across the National Park as you travel from the coast inland? Give named examples in your answer.(3 marks)

______

(i) ______

______

(ii)______

______

(Section C total = 40 marks)

Section A total = 30 marks

Section B total = 30 marks

Section C total = 40 marks

Total = 100 marks