Unit I Spiral Exam – Renaissance, Reformation, & Absolute Monarchs
(75 points total)
PLEASE DO NO WRITE ON THIS TEST
DIRECTIONS – Please answer the following multiple-choice questions with the best possible answer. No answer will be used more than once. (45 questions @ 1 point each = 45 points)
1) Prior to the start of the Middle Ages, Europe was a very chaotic place. What form of government, based on land and loyalty, came along to help bring law and order back to Europe?
a. Totalitarianism
b. Feudalism
c. Democracy
d. Absolute monarchy
2) Martin Luther, the German monk and religious leader, was considered a major leader of the Reformation. What action did he take that helped to set off the Reformation in the first place?
a. He created a plan called the “Final Solution”
b. Wrote letters to influential European rulers about the abuses of the Church
c. Gave public addresses about the evils of Church “indulgences”
d. Wrote his grievances down and posted them as the 95 Theses
3) We have spent a lot of time talking about some of the dangers to be aware of when studying culture. One of the major pitfalls of this is developing the belief that your culture is racially superior to another. What is that danger called?
a. Segregation
b. Racism
c. Stereotyping
d. Ethnocentrism
4) Despite the negative stereotypes often associated with the taking of many wives by the Ottoman sultans, what benefit did these women provide (other than producing a heir to the throne)?
a. Entertainment
b. Extra manpower during times of war
c. Wives for Janissaries lost in battle
d. Truthful advice
5) When studying different areas of the world, it is important to have an idea of a particular regions culture before continuing. But, how do we define “culture”?
a. A particular person’s lifestyle
b. A delicious desert from Oregon Dairy
c. All the elements that make up a society or civilization
d. A particular segment that has interesting values
6) Known as “______the Lawgiver”, this gifted Ottoman sultan created lasting reforms within the Ottoman Empire while writing laws that are still on the books. Who was he?
a. Suleiman
b. Muhammad
c. Louis
d. Peter
7) A superior force on the battlefield, what technological innovation did the Ottomans borrow from the Chinese in order to make them unstoppable conquerors?
a. Better armor
b. Firearms
c. Superior arrows
d. Better tactics
8) The Age of Monarchs saw the rise of all-powerful kings like Phillip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Peter the Great of Russia. What did these European monarchs use to justify their God-given right to rule?
a. A written constitution
b. Divine right
c. The Mandate of Heaven
d. The consent of the people
9) Children in medieval China were taught from a very early age to show complete love and obedience to their parents and also show great respect for their family’s past. What was the name given to this philosophy, another invention of the Chinese philosopher and teacher Confucius?
a. Ancestor worship
b. Confucianism
c. Catholicism
d. Filial Piety
10) What was the name given to the male servants of the Ottoman sultan who also looked after his wives? (Hint: The lacked their manhood…)
a. Concubines
b. Eunuchs
c. Serfs
d. Janissaries
11) The Renaissance brought about a renewed interest in art and culture in Europe after the horrors of the Middle Ages. What philosophy dominated this era, stressing the idea of human potential and using your gifts for the betterment of all mankind?
a. Imperialism
b. Militarism
c. Nationalism
d. Humanism
12) Anthropology is one of the main areas that helps us to analyze and interpret different cultures from around the world. But what is anthropology the study of?
a. Creationism
b. Government
c. Mankind
d. Culture
13) The Reformation was known throughout Europe as a ______movement geared towards the Catholic Church. What word best fits into this statement?
a. Religious
b. Wide-spread
c. Reform
d. Protest
14) For much of the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church dominated the political, social, and religious lives of Europeans. Which of the following was one of the major reasons why the Catholic Church was so powerful?
a. It controlled vast amounts of scientific knowledge
b. It was the only source of education in the Medieval world
c. It was not under the control of any European king
d. All of the above
15) All anthropologists, when in the field, try to minimize mistakes and provided clear evidence of a new discovery by using a series of steps known as what?
a. Question and Answer Methods
b. Scientific Questioning
c. The Scientific Method
d. The Anthropological Method
16) This Reformation-inspired group, known for their conservative views of technology and their slow simple life, rallied around their leader Jacob Ammen and eventually immigrated to the New World, searching for religious freedom. Who were they?
a. The Mennonites
b. The Anabaptists
c. The Amish
d. The Lutherans
17) This Chinese philosophy was developed by the absolute monarchs of China as a way to justify their rule and develop a “father-figure”-like image with the Chinese people. What was it called?
a. Filial Piety
b. Mandate of Heaven
c. Ancestor Worship
d. Christianity
18) The Ottomans were one of the most successful civilizations in history at bringing quick peace and security to the new areas of the world that they conquered. Besides their advanced military tactics and support, what made the Ottomans so successful when dealing with conquered peoples?
a. Their ability to convert people quickly to Islam and make them life-long converts
b. Their sultans were able to inspire confidence and dedication with their leadership both on and off the battlefield
c. Conquered people were generally afraid of what might happen if they tried to revolt against Ottoman rule
d. They were extremely tolerant of other ethnic groups religious and cultural practices, as long as they paid taxes to the Ottoman sultan
19) The Vatican estimates that between three thousand and five thousand people were executed at the hands of the Church’s own private court, the Inquisition, though this was not its main function. Contemporary historians put that number much higher. What was the main purpose of this medieval religious court?
a. The seek out and punish critics of the Church
b. To investigate charges of corruption or unacceptable behavior among clergy
c. To hear and decide upon new interpretations of religious doctrine
d. To re-write the Bible in the language of the common person so all could understand its teachings
20) This segment of European medieval society was the foundation on which the self-sufficient manors were built. By their long hours of labor, heavy taxes, and isolated social class, the lords who controlled the manors were able to turn a profit. What was this segment of society called?
a. The lower class
b. The workers
c. The peasants
d. The serfs
21) For much of Japan’s medieval history, most of the issues that the country dealt with were ______problems. (Fill in the blank)
a. Immigration
b. Internal
c. Social
d. Foreign
22) Powerful absolute monarchs known as the “czars” once ruled Russia. What famous Russian czar helped to establish Russia as a major world power following the turmoil of the Middle Ages with the help of European technology and know-how?
a. Nicholas II
b. Ivan the Terrible
c. Peter the Great
d. Catherine the Great
23) Social mobility was limited in medieval European society so few people of the lower classes could realistically expect to become a knight, whose main function was to protect and enforce the laws of the manor. What was the name of the code of conduct that all knights were required to follow in their dealings with one another and people of different classes?
a. The Code of Conduct
b. The Ethical Mandate
c. The Code of Chivalry
d. The Expectations of Knights
24) This Jews carpenter-turned-religious leader started preaching to the people of Judea at age 30 and was viewed by many as someone who would lead the Jews to their freedom against Roman rule. He eventually would be executed. Who was he?
a. Ivan
b. Peter
c. Paul
d. Jesus
25) In feudal Japan, the shoguns enforced their rule and protected their individual kingdoms with the help of the samurai warrior class. Much like the knights of Europe, these honorable wars were governed by an ethical code that preached ritual suicide if dishonored. What was their ritual suicide called?
a. Bushido
b. Kamikaze
c. Seppuku
d. Kung Pao
26) When the Spanish Men’s and Women’s Olympic basketball team posed for the cameras doing the “slit-eyed” gesture, what was this an example of that we have to be cautious of when studying other cultures?
a. Segregation
b. Racism
c. Stereotyping
d. Ethnocentrism
27) In European feudal society, what was the name given to the day-to-day managers of the manor, who directed workers and made sure that the orders of the lords were carried out?
a. The daimyos
b. The samurai
c. The Janissaries
d. The vassals
28) These Christian-turned-Ottoman soldiers made up the heart of the Ottoman army and served as the sultan’s personal bodyguard. Later, they would enjoy high positions within the Ottoman government. Who were they?
a. The Janissaries
b. The Knights
c. The Samurai
d. The Oprichnina
29) This Chinese teacher and philosopher developed the principles of filial piety because he believed that in order for a society to survive, it needed to look to its elders for wisdom and experience. Who was he?
a. Confucius
b. Aristotle
c. Meng-zi
d. Lucretius
30) Just like the knights of Medieval Europe, the samurai of ancient Japan believed in a very strict code of ethics that governed their behavior in everyday life. What was the name of this code of conduct that was later adopted by the Japanese military in World War II?
a. Seppuku
b. Kamikaze
c. Bushido
d. Toyota
31) What event in the life of Czar Ivan turned him from a “just and noble” leader to a bloodthirsty tyrant known as “Ivan the Terrible”?
a. The murder of his son and heir
b. An invasion from Poland
c. An outbreak of the Black Death
d. The death of his wife
32) This group developed in Germany and Switzerland following the Reformation and broke away from the Anabaptists under the leadership of a former Catholic minister named Menno Simons. Who was this group?
a. The Amish
b. The Mennonites
c. The Baptists
d. The Catholics
33) What was the name of the secret police force that Czar Ivan created to hunt down and execute political opponents? (Hint: Known for their black robes, they were mistaken for priests before it was too late…)
a. The Janissaries
b. The Knights
c. The Samurai
d. The Oprichnina
34) In 313 AD, the Roman emperor Constantine issues an order that made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. What was the name of this proclamation?
a. The Twelve Tables
b. The Edict of Mize
c. The Edict of Milan
d. The Emancipation Proclamation
35) What was the name of group of Christian church elders who formalized a final set of practices and rules that turned the “Christian” Church into the Roman Catholic Church in the year 382 AD?
a. The Council of Milan
b. The Council of Mica
c. The Council of Rome
d. The Council of the Vatican
36) As one of the largest and fastest going religions in the world, Islam is a major force when it comes to our world today. Like any religion there are certain rules and guidelines that Muslims must follow in order to show their obedience to Allah or God. What is this set of rules called for Muslims?
a. The Four Noble Truths
b. The Eightfold Path
c. The Caste System
d. The Five Pillars
37) This Reformation-inspired group agreed with many of the criticisms of the Catholic Church brought up by Martin Luther, but also had issues of their own – like the idea of baptism when you are an adult. What was this group called?
a. The Amish
b. The Anabaptists
c. The Brethren
d. The Drunkards
38) In order to focus their minds on their religion and also to pay respect to Allah, which direction do Muslims pray five (5) times a day?
a. East
b. West
c. The direction of the prophet prayed
d. Towards the city of Mecca
39) Under the practices of Islam, Muslims are expected (if they are financially able) to visit the holy city of Mecca once in their lifetime. What is this pilgrimage known as?
a. Ramadan
b. Aah’Rem
c. Hajj
d. Jihad
40) In the history of the Christian religion, what was the name of the disciple of Jesus who became an important missionary and leader of the early Christian church?
a. Luke
b. Matthew
c. Peter
d. Paul
41) Under the Japanese “closed country” policy, which of the following was NOT an activity that was restricted by the Japanese government towards European visitors?
a. No missionaries in Japan
b. Trade was restricted
c. The wearing of swords was forbidden
d. European technology, like guns, were banished
42) Which of the following was NOT a major impact of absolute monarchs on the continent of Europe?
a. A desire for outside exploration
b. The formation of modern European states
c. The protection of religious freedom
d. The development of modern governments
43) In feudal Japanese society, this particular class was similar to the lords of medieval Europe who made sure that the day-to-day business of the shogun’s lands were dealt with. Who were these individuals?
a. The daimyos
b. The samurai
c. The Janissaries
d. The vassals
44) During the violence that followed the Reformation in Europe, what event in Germany saw Protestant peasants / serfs rising up against their Catholic lords, resulting in the massacre of thousands of people?