Civil Rights History, 1870-1954

Civil Rights History, 1870-1954

I. The Failure of Reconstruction

A. Political Hope

1. The 15th Amendment had promised to give ______.

2. Men like ______had inspired blacks that ______was possible

B. Political Realities

1. The freedmen are ______by the North and left to fend for themselves in the ______. While the ______had been partially ______by Republican governments in the South, ______were still active in keeping blacks from ______. How?

a. ______—required that voters ______before they could vote. For poor black farmers, this was ______.

b. ______—To vote, citizens had be able to ______. For ______or poorly-educated blacks this was ______.

c. BUT—______also couldn't afford the tax or read the Constitution, so ______were passed that allowed those people whose grandfather had voted to not have to pay the tax or pass the literacy test.

1. Also ______those ______who could pay the poll tax and pass literacy test.

C. Economic Hopes

1. Throughout Reconstruction there had been talk by reformers of ______, and ______to former slaves—“______”

D. Economic Realities

1. Northern congressmen, due to concerns over ______, never really redistributed any substantial amounts of land.

2. BUT, this created a problem in which ______.

3. Thus, what replaced plantation slavery was a system called ______

a. ______agree to farm the land using the ______that the owner would provide. When harvest came, the farmer ______—sharing the crops.

b. To pay for seed and tools, many black farmers ______.

1. ______was often difficult, so a cycle of poverty begins that effects most people living in the South.

c. To pay off the debt, ______, which leaves poor blacks ______.

E. Social Hopes

1. The 14th Amendment had promised a “______” society in which blacks and whites would be treated ______.

F. Social Realities

1. Southern states pass strict laws designed to ______—housing, schools, hospitals, drinking fountains, beaches, cemeteries, etc. These laws are called ______.

2. Even the ______abandons black Americans by stating that ______

______. This case is called ______.

3. The end of Reconstruction puts black civil rights on hold for ______until the Civil Rights Movement of the ______.

II. Post Reconstruction America

A. Central Question

1. ______?

B. Booker T. Washington

1. A former ______from Virginia, Washington took a ______

2. Washington argued that ______and proved their economic value

3. This would require that blacks ______

4. By participating in the workforce blacks ______

5. Blacks would also prove their ______to the white majority and ______

6. Washington counseled that blacks ______in the short term for better treatment in the long term—this was ______--known as the ______

7. To put his ideas into practice, Washington founded the ______in Alabama in 1881 to teach blacks to do ______.

C. WEB Du Bois

1. Du Bois, born in to a ______family in Massachusetts, was the first black to receive a ______

2. Du Bois’ message was almost the ______from Washington—______

______now to be able to get higher paying jobs and ______.

3. Du Bois argued that blacks would ______unless the barriers of racism and discrimination were ______.

4. Based on his ideas, Du Bois helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (______) in 1909. The NAACP argued for ______and ______to argue for equal rights and treatment.

D. Ida B. Wells Barnett

1. A ______from Kentucky

2. Spoke out against injustice faced death threats and economic backlash. Wrote articles on ______and ______to northern audiences.

3. Had to flee KY for her life after her ______.

E. WWI

1. Like millions of other Americans, blacks were drawn into the excitement and terror of WWI, which lasted from ______.

2. About ______in the Armed Forces in segregated units.

3. Many blacks hoped once again that such service to the US ______

______.

4. With the war’s end, blacks would be ______.

5. BUT, one of the most profound changes the war had on the black community was ______

a. With the huge demand for ______, millions of blacks left the South and headed ______.

b. This was called the “______” and it would come to reshape race relations throughout the 20th century.

III. The 1920s

A. The Harlem Renaissance

1. The 1920s was a “______” time for millions of Americans as the ______and America seemed to glow from its ______.

2. For blacks, this trend was best reflected in the “Harlem Renaissance”.

a. Def—a ______—centered in New York’s ______.

1. ______becomes the soundtrack to the era as musicians such as ______-move jazz to the forefront.

2. Writers such as ______wrote poems and novels about the black experience in America.

3. This increase in racial thinking led to the popularity of ______, a New York black who advised blacks to ______. If this did not work, Garvey counseled that blacks should move “______.” By the end of the 1920s, Garvey was leading this movement.

IV. The 1930s

A. The Great Depression

1. With the crash of the Stock Market in 1929, ______, especially black Americans, ______.

2. Given the racism of the time, blacks were often “______” throughout the North

3. In the South, already facing poverty and discrimination, the situation went from bad to worse as blacks were often ______.

4. ______increased in the 1930s as well as white mobs ______.

V. The 1940s

A. WWII

1. Once again, as the US went off to war, so did black Americans

a. Over ______in the US Armed Forces

b. Once again, units were ______.

2. But this time several differences occurred at home and abroad that brought some changes for the black community.

a. ______

1. US created ______in 1941

2. Credited with ______kills

3. Broke stereotype that ______to handle pressures of flight combat.

b. Fighting Discrimination in the Workplace

1. Situation in 1941--______--in North as well as South.

2. One million blacks fight in WWII against ______.

a. Black leaders see American society ______--so they begin the "______" campaign--Victory against Nazis and victory over ______.

3. Main black leader—______. He threatens a massive march on Washington unless the Federal Government ends discrimination ______.

a. Roosevelt gives in and issues ______that ______

______.

4. Returning black soldiers—along with fighting for the country comes ______and a sense of ______at the US for its racism. These veterans won't stand for it any longer. It’s no coincidence that after WWII the Civil Rights Movement ______.

c. CORE Formed

______- was founded on the University of Chicago campus in ______

-introduced a small group of civil rights activists to the idea of ______

______-

C.O.R.E. will play a major role in CRM in the ______

B. Post-WWII

1. Truman and Civil Rights

a. Truman was the first modern president to use his office to ______—how?

1. Established the ______in 1946—investigate status of blacks in America.

2. Truman ______who were challenging the Constitutionality of segregation in schools.

3. In 1948, Truman ______.

2. Baseball!

a. Within this climate, ______became the first African American in Major League Baseball in 1947

3. The Courts

a. The ______signaled its willingness to revisit the issue of segregation in the case of ______ (1950), in which ______

______.

b. Then in ______, the USSC issued the famous ______ruling in which the Court argued that the doctrine of “______” has no place in American education and that ______were unconstitutional. This officially overturned the ______ruling and opened the door for the ______of the 1950s and 1960s.

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