APrisons should be reformed.

BWomen should have equal rights.

CMen should work in agricultural jobs.

DWomen should pursue traditional occupations.

6Which of the following best explains one of the changes in immigration shown on this graph?

FFree housing was offered to immigrants arriving after 1855.

GA famine plagued Ireland between 1845 and 1850.

HThe German National Assembly passed a constitution in 1850.

JLabor strikes occurred in Great Britain between 1840 and 1845.

7Which conclusion can best be made by examining the map above?

AThe Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the size of the United States.

BFrance gained control of much of the North American continent.

CThe Louisiana Purchase was designated for Native American ownership.

DBoth Spain and the United States would share control of the Louisiana Purchase.

8Which of these is a correct interpretation of the information shown above?

FTotal Confederate casualties were greater than total Union casualties.

GMore Confederate soldiers died of wounds than of disease.

HMore than twice as many Union soldiers died of disease than of wounds.

JFewer soldiers fought for the Union than for the Confederacy.

11Which of the following best completes the diagram above?

AIncrease in agricultural production

BDecrease in the slave population

CEnactment of protective tariffs

DGrowth of immigration

13The factors listed above most directly contributed to the increase of—

Aindustrialization

Bsubsistence farming

Cpublic education

Dhomesteading

21Which statement best summarizes the ideas expressed above by Franklin?

AThe government must inform the people of its laws.

BThe government can make treaties with other nations.

CCitizens can impeach government officials.

DCitizens must be allowed to discuss ideas with one another.

45In the excerpt above, Mann shows his support for—

Awomen’s suffrage

Bprison reform

Cpublic schools

Dimproved sanitation

48The artifact above is an example of a badge most likely worn by a—

Fplantation owner

Gformer slave

Hcolonial governor

Jrecent immigrant

1According to the maps, areas under European colonial power in Latin America were —

Asignificantly reduced by 1830

Bconfined to the Caribbean in 1800

Ccentered near Cape Horn by 1830

Dfar from the equator in 1800

46This portrayal of factory life is considered a primary source because it is from—

Fa description in a textbook

Gan account by a mill worker

Ha description of a mill town

Jan article in a newspaper

2Which conclusion can correctly be drawn from this information?

FNorth Korean workers are more productive than South Korean workers.

GSouth Korea has a stronger economy than North Korea.

HNorth Korea has a higher standard of living than South Korea.

JSouth Korea is geographically smaller than North Korea.

3According to the table, in 1890 there were more —

Apeople who were foreign-born than native-born

Bnative-born people than foreign-born people living in cities with a population of 2,500 to 99,999

Cforeign-born people than native-born people living in towns with a population of less than 2,500

Dforeign-born people than native-born people living in cities

4According to the map, which of the following cities was the last to become part of unified Italy?

FGenoa

GVenice

HNaples

JRome

6It can be concluded from the diagrams above that a common characteristic of these historical cities is that they —

Fall encouraged regional migrations

Gwere all easily accessed by outsiders

Hall had secure living environments

Jwere all able to export raw materials

8Based on the map above, it can be concluded that India’s railway
system —

Fcaused the economic decline of port cities in the west

Gresulted in countrywide efforts to produce a single crop

Hcaused many commercial farmers to relocate to the east

Jmade the transportation of produce to port cities easier

9The events listed in the time line show that ancient Romans strove to —

Amake all types of forced labor illegal

Buse the city only for industrial purposes

Cmaintain a high standard of public health

Dlimit the making of crafts inside the city

10This photograph best demonstrates which worldwide distribution pattern?

FMost people live in the Southern Hemisphere.

GThe United States has a larger population than China.

HMost industrial nations are located in the Northern Hemisphere.

JAustralia has more urban centers than Japan.

13All the factors listed above contributed to the mid-19th-century wave of —

AChinese laborers immigrating to the United States

BIrish immigration to the United States

Cincreased slave revolts in the South

Dabolition movements in Ireland

16Which of the following contributed the most to the spread of popular culture in Europe and North America during the 20th century?

FHarsh conditions for workers

GSevere outbreaks of disease

HThe survival of cottage industries

JAdvances in communications

19Based on the information above, what was the primary purpose of the Cu Chi tunnel complex?

ATo provide a military advantage to the Vietcong

BTo protect villagers from gas attacks by the Vietcong

CTo protect the harvest from destruction by U.S. troops

DTo provide an escape route for U.S. soldiers

26Which of the families described above is engaged in subsistence agriculture?

FFamily A

GFamily B

HFamily C

JFamily D

28As illustrated on the map above, Phoenicia became a great trading power in the Mediterranean partially because of its —

Fclimate

Glatitude

Hresources

Jelevation

33In the late 1700s, the factors listed above contributed to the development of —

Aindustrialization

Ba stock exchange

Ca common currency

Dagricultural cooperatives

43Which type of government best safeguards the individual rights of its citizens?

AModern autocracy

BTheocratic state

CModern democracy

DTotalitarian state

45The photograph above best depicts which of the following advancements of civilization?

AWritten language

BLunar calendar

CComplex government

DUse of metal

46Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information in the table?

FSouth American nations have lower female literacy rates than those in Central America.

GCountries with high birthrates have no public education system.

HBirthrates are lower in South American nations than in North American nations.

JNations with higher percentages of literate women tend to have lower birthrates.

48These three statements best reflect the results of —

Fcultural diffusion

Gtechnological innovation

Hthe socialist system

Jthe feudal system

50According to the graph, the per capita income —

Ffor Myanmar and Vietnam rapidly declined

Gin Myanmar increased the most between 1998 and 2002

Hfor both nations remained the same

Jin Vietnam decreased the most between 1994 and 1997

1According to the table above, by which year did the percent of urban population first become greater than the percent of rural population in Texas?

A1910

B1950

C1970

D1990

5The pagoda is a type of Buddhist architecture. The pagodas depicted in the photos above illustrate the effects of—

Apublic education

Bgovernment funding

Ctrade restrictions

Dcultural diffusion

\

1. The unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness acknowledge the importance of the—

Fcommunity

Gmilitary

Hruler

Jindividual

8Why was it necessary to perform the activity shown above during the construction of the Panama Canal?

FTo drive the native population away

GTo preserve crops grown to feed workers

HTo prevent the spread of yellow fever

JTo protect vegetation found in the area

10Which statement is supported by the information on the map?

FBerliners could travel freely to any part of the city.

GOnly planes had international access to Berlin.

HThe four occupying nations worked to unite Berlin under one government.

JThe Soviet zone lacked direct access to air travel.

18The information on the map supports the conclusion that cases of malaria—

Fare absent from Central America

Goccur most frequently in Asia

Hgo unreported in Africa

Jare found in South America

77. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to increase business profits and promote trade between which three countries?

ACanada, Great Britain, and Australia

BMexico, Cuba, and Brazil

CCanada, the United States, and Great Britain

DMexico, Canada, and the United States

28According to the map, most of the countries with the largest populations are located in—

FAsia

GEurope

HNorth America

JSouth America

31If the trend illustrated by the graph continues, India will most likely need to—

Alimit the production of refined petroleum products

Bimport greater amounts of fuel

Cproduce less energy than it uses

Dreduce its production of nuclear energy

39In the late 19th century, immigration most affected American cities by contributing to which of the following?

AOvercrowded housing

BMovement to the suburbs

CDevelopment of city parks

DFinancing railroad construction

42Which of the following statements does the map above support?

FEach of the founding members of OPEC is from the Middle East.

GThe largest exporter of crude oil among OPEC members is located in South America.

HEach OPEC member exports approximately the same amount of crude oil.

JThe last member to join OPEC was from Africa.

47Based on the photograph above, which statement best explains why the Anasazi homes at Mesa Verde were built into the sides of cliffs?

AThe cliffs provided mineral resources for trade.

BThe cliffs made protecting the community easier.

CThe cliffs allowed water to be diverted for irrigation.

DThe cliffs made trapping animals more productive.

48A 19th-century technological innovation that increased trade and commerce along rivers was—

Fthe generator

Gthe steamboat

Hthe clipper ship

Jthe compass

54Based on the information above, why did Chinese rulers modify the physical environment by creating a massive wall across the country?

FTo keep out enemy invaders

GTo prevent the annual flooding of Chinese rivers

HTo provide jobs for Chinese citizens

JTo encourage foreign trade

55This photograph shows child workers in a textile mill. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many U.S. employers—

Arequired vocational training programs for children

Bhired children as a source of cheap labor

Csought government regulation of child labor

Dprovided safe working conditions for child laborers

1The discovery of what natural resource in California in 1848 and 1849 caused rapid population growth in the region?

AGold
BSilver
CCopper
DIron

9What would be the best title for the image above?

AHeading West
BDangers on the Trail
CThe California Gold Rush
DPlantation Life

86.The steamboat had an important effect on economic development in the United States because it -

Awas safer than other forms of transportation
Bwas an efficient method of transporting goods
Ccould travel faster than the locomotive
Dcreated a need for man-made waterways

15In the early 1800s, manufacturing in the United States converted from cottage industry to factory production because of -

Aa lack of skilled workers
Ba decreased demand for finished goods
Cdifficulty in transporting goods
Dthe ability to produce goods more efficiently

21What made New Orleans a significant port to people living in the Ohio Valley?

AThe taxes collected in New Orleans supported towns in the Ohio Valley.
BNew Orleans was a fortified city that protected the Missouri River against invasion.
CMany of the goods needed by the people of the Ohio Valley were manufactured in New Orleans.
DNew Orleans was an important trade center near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

24Southern dependence on slavery and an agricultural economy resulted in -

F an excellent railroad system
Ga lack of factories
Ha dependence on government tax breaks
J several new political parties

34The missions founded in California during the 1700s are evidence of the cultural influence of which group of people?

F African Americans
GFrench Canadians
HThe Chinese
J The Spanish

42How did the invention of interchangeable parts affect industry in the United States in the 1800s?

F It made the production of goods faster and cheaper.
GIt encouraged immigrants to demand higher wages.
HIt reduced opportunities for female workers.
J It slowed the rate of factory construction.

6 / Robert Fulton’s steamboat aided the economic development of the United States by —
/ F / reducing traffic in the nation’s ocean harbors
/ G / making transportation on rivers more efficient
/ H / ending American dependence on European shipping
/ J / serving as a method of connecting California and the East Coast
9 / Which of these would be the best title for the illustration above?
/ A / Divine Nature
/ B / Survival of the Fittest
/ C / Manifest Destiny
/ D / Universal Expansion
20 / What natural barrier would a pioneer traveling west to California encounter that a pioneer traveling to Oregon would not?
/ F / Great Plains
/ G / Mississippi River
/ H / Rocky Mountains
/ J / Sierra Nevada
East Asian Countries
Country / Population
Density (per
square mile) / Workforce
in Agriculture
and Forestry / Per Capita
Income / Economic
System
People's Republic
of China / 327 / 60% / $2,500 / command
North Korea / 504 / 36% / $920 / command
South Korea / 1,185 / 21% / $11,270 / free enterprise
Japan / 860 / 7% / $20,200 / free enterprise
Mongolia / 4 / 36% / $1,800 / command
Republic of China
(Taiwan) / 1,537 / 16% / $12,070 / free enterprise
Source: World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1997
3 / Based on the data provided in the chart, what conclusion can be made about the countries of East Asia?
/ A / The countries with the largest percent of their workforce in agriculture and forestry have the highest per capita income.
/ B / The countries with free-enterprise economic systems have the highest per capita income.
/ C / Command-economy countries have the lowest percent of their workforces in agriculture and forestry.
/ D / Free-enterprise countries have the lowest population density.
4 / One reason the earliest civilization developed at the eastern end of the Fertile Crescent in present-day Iraq was that —
/ F / crops grew well in desert conditions
/ G / game for hunting had become too scarce elsewhere