RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, AND EXCRETION
REVIEW SHEET
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Be able to describe the branching of the respiratory system. Key terms include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, microscopic tubules, and alveoli.
What is the function of the diaphragm in the process of respiration? What does it do during inspiration (inhaling) and expiration (exhaling)?
What do external and cellular respiration mean? What occurs during each process?
What are the two waste products of respiration?
How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the body? (HINT: refer to the circulatory system)
What is the relationship between the respiratory and circulatory systems?
What controls the process of respiration?
Is respiration voluntary or involuntary?
By what process is carbon dioxide exchanged for oxygen? Where does this occur and why does it occur so easily?
By what process do the cells lose carbon dioxide and receive oxygen?
What function does the epiglottis serve for respiration?
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
What are the components of blood? What is carried in the plasma?
What is the function of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and the platelets? Which ones have a nucleus?
Be able to label the parts of the heart, including the 4 chambers, the 4 valves, the aorta, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary vein, and the superior and inferior vena cavae.
Be able to describe the path of blood through the circulatory system beginning in the right atrium and bringing it back to the right atrium. Describe what happens to the condition of the blood in the lungs and at the cells.
What organs remove old RBCs from the circulatory system?
Be able to identify parts of the circulatory where the blood is deoxygenated and oxygenated.
What is the difference between arteries and veins in terms of the direction they carry blood?
In general, what is the condition of the blood in the arteries? In the veins? What is the only exception to each of these?
How is blood type determined? If a person has Type A blood, what type of antigens are on the RBCs and what type of antibodies are in the blood? What about Type B, Type AB, and Type O? What kind of blood can each person receive? What type is the universal donor? The universal recipient?
What is meant by the Rh factor? For who is this especially important? Why?
What are the smallest blood vessels? What happens in them?
What controls the heartbeat?
What is the pericardium?
EXCRETORY SYSTEM (the urinary system)
What is the function of the excretory system? What are the main components of the excretory system and what does each do? (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
What is each filtering unit of the kidney called?
What are the components of a nephron and what does each do? (Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, U-shaped tubule).
Where in the kidney do substances that need to be kept by the body re-enter the circulatory system?
Do diuretics increase or decrease the output of urine?
What does the hormone ADH do to the amount of urine output?