The Civil War

  1. Strengths and Weaknesses of the North and South
  2. Military leadership
  3. North: had a naval advantage – controlled the navy, controlled most shipyards, better sailors
  4. Key military officers
  5. George ______
  6. Ulysses S. ______
  7. William Tecumseh ______
  8. South: had more men with formal military training
  9. Key military officers
  10. Robert E. ______
  11. Thomas “Stonewall” ______
  12. Manpower
  13. North: population of 22 million; had enough men to build up the army and still keep factories running
  14. South: population of 9 million (including 3 million slaves); nearly all adult white males would have to fight
  15. Manufacturing
  16. North: 80% of factories in the North; controlled nearly all textile, iron, weapon manufacturing
  17. South: had very little manufacturing capacity. Relied on imported goods fromEurope
  18. New technologies during the war
  19. ______replaced muskets: faster loading and more accurate, leading to higher casualty counts during the war. Rifles fired the “Minie ball”
  20. “______”: steam-powered warships covered in heavy iron armor
  21. USS Monitor
  22. CSS Merrimack
  23. Battle of Hampton Roads: first battle between ironclads; no winner
  24. ______
  25. First submarine to sink an opposing ship
  26. Transportation
  27. North: had more railroads, turnpikes, canals, better ports, and controlled the Great Lakes
  28. South: few railroads or ports, relied heavily on the MississippiRiver for shipping
  29. Finances
  30. North:
  31. had an established treasury
  32. many powerful banks with money to loan the government
  33. South:
  34. depended almost entirely on ______, like cotton and tobacco, which had to be delivered to Europe – once Union blocked Southern ports, this trade was cut off
  35. Southern planters’ wealth was in land and slaves, not cash
  36. Southern banks were small, had little money to loan government
  37. Strategy
  38. North: The ______Plan
  39. Blockade southern ports, cutting off trade
  40. Seize control of the Mississippi River, dividing South in half
  41. Prevent Europe from entering war in support of the South
  42. South: Defensive Strategy
  43. Choose battles to the South’s advantage
  44. Fight a war of ______– make the war too expensive in both money and lives and popular support for the war would die in the North
  45. Gain European support
  46. Political problems for the North
  47. Republican divisions and Lincolns War Aim
  48. Some wanted to makes slavery the war’s focus
  49. Lincoln’s war aim was to ______(Original War Aim)!
  50. Northern Peace Democrats
  51. Called “______” by Republicans who saw their opposition to the war as treason
  52. Conscription: “______” used to force men to join the Army
  53. Hurt the poor because the rich could pay a $300 fee to get out of service or hire a ______(substitute) to serve for them
  54. Opposed by the Democrats
  55. Led to violent draft riots in many Northern cities, including New York
  56. Lincoln suspends______
  57. Lincoln suspended the constitutional requirement that no one could be arrested and imprisoned without being charged with a specific crime and given a trial
  58. Anyone suspected of aiding the South or who encouraged resisting the draft was imprisoned indefinitely
  59. ______of 1862
  60. Worried citizens in North began to hoard gold and silver, creating a financial crisis
  61. US began to issue paper money (called “greenbacks”)since gold and silver were not available
  62. The War
  63. ______(First Battle of Manassas) (July 1861)
  64. 1st major battle, Southern victory
  65. Importance: dispelled idea that the war would be easy victory for North
  66. ______(Sept. 1862)
  67. Bloodiest single day of the war – over 22,000 casualties
  68. Importance: Union turns back Lee’s first attempt to invade the North
  69. The ______Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863)
  70. Lincoln frees the slaves in the Confederate states, but not in the Union-controlled Border states
  71. Provides a moral cause that encourages many, especially free blacks, to join the Union Army
  72. Siege of ______(May – July, 1863) – TURNING POINT IN THE WEST
  73. Importance: Union forces gained control of Mississippi River, cutting the South in half
  74. ______(July 1-3, 1863)TURNING POINT IN THE NORTH
  75. Importance: Lee’s second and last attempt to invade the North fails, South suffers devastating losses
  76. The Gettysburg Address (Nov.19, 1863)
  77. Importance: Lincoln’s speech at the dedication of the National Cemetery reaffirms North’s dedication to preserving the Union at all costs
  78. Sherman’s “______” (Nov.-Dec., 1863)
  79. Union armies devastate Georgia and then South Carolina using a “______” policy of destroying everything in their path, including crops, houses, railroads, and factories
  80. Importance: crushing blow to both the Confederate economy and Southern morale
  81. Election of 1864
  82. Lincoln (a Republican) runs for re-election with ______as his Vice-President (a War Democrat). Lincoln’s strategy to win Democratic support
  83. ______Courthouse (April 9, 1865)
  84. Importance: Lee sees no way for the South to win the war and so surrenders to Grant
  85. Two-weeks later the last major Confederate fighting force surrenders in Durham, NC
  86. The Civil War ends
  87. Lincoln’s Assassination (April 14, 1865)
  88. Lincoln is shot in head by Confederate sympathizer______and dies
  89. Booth is killed on April 26 while trying to avoid capture, conspirators are arrested, tried, and hung