SS_96_D05-16-14__2015_V6
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96 GEOSYNTHETICS
96-1.01 GENERAL
96-1.01A Summary
Section 96 includes specifications for furnishing geosynthetics.
96-1.01B Definitions
Reserved
96-1.01C Submittals
96-1.01C(1) General
For each type of geosynthetic submit:
1.Certificate of compliance
2.Test sample representing each lot
3.Minimum average roll value
Label submittals with the manufacturer's name and product information.
96-1.01C(2) Geotechnical Subsurface Reinforcement
Submit the LTDS and its supporting calculations at least 15 days before placing geotechnical subsurface reinforcement. The calculations must be signed by an engineer registered as a civil engineer in the State.
96-1.01D Quality Assurance
Geosynthetics must be on the DataMine list for geotextiles and geosynthetics at the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program website. The product name, manufacturing source, and date of manufacture must be printed every 5 meters along the edge of the material except for:
1.Paving mat
2.Paving grid, Class 2 and 3
3.Biaxial geogrid
96-1.02 MATERIALS
96-1.02A General
Treat geosynthetics to resist degradation from exposure to sunlight. Furnish geosynthetics in covers to protect against damage from moisture, sunlight, and shipping and storage.
96-1.02B Filter Fabric
Geosynthetics used for filter fabric must be permeable and nonwoven. Filter fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:
1.Polyester
2.Polypropylene
3.Combined polyester and polypropylene
Filter fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Filter FabricQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Class A / Class B / Class C
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip, in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 157
Apparent elongation, in each direction, (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 50
Puncture strength, (min, lb) / ASTM D6241 / 310
Trapezoid tearing strength, (min, lb) / ASTM D4533 / 56
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 0.5 / 0.2 / 0.1
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, US standard sieve size) / ASTM D4751 / 40 / 60 / 70
96-1.02C Geocomposite Wall Drain
Geocomposite wall drain must consist of a polymeric core with filter fabric integrally bonded to one or both sides of the core creating a stable drainage void.
Filter fabric must comply with section 96-1.02B.
Geocomposite wall drain must be from 0.25 to 2 inches thick.
Geocomposite wall drain must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Geocomposite Wall DrainQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Transmissivity, (gal/min/ft)
gradient = 1.0, Normal stress = 5,000 psf / ASTM D4716 / 4
96-1.02D Geotechnical Subsurface Reinforcement
96-1.02D(1) General
Geosynthetic reinforcement used for geotechnical subsurface reinforcement must be either geotextile or geogrid.
When tested under ASTM D4491, geotextile permittivity must be at least 0.05 sec-1.
Geogrid must have a regular and defined open area. The open area must be from 50 to 90 percent of the total grid area.
96-1.02D(2) Long Term Design Strength
Determine the LTDS of geosynthetic reinforcement from the ultimate tensile strength in the primary strength direction divided by reduction factors. Calculate LTDS from the guidelines in Geosynthetic Research Institute Standard Practice GG4a, GRI GG4b, or GRI GT7.
The product of the reduction factors must be at least 1.30. Determine the reduction factor for creep using a 75 year design life for permanent applications. For temporary applications, use a 5 year design life to determine the reduction factor. Determine the installation damage reduction factor from the characteristics of backfill materials used.
If test data is not available, use default values of reduction factors in the Geosynthetic Research Institute Standard Practice to determine LTDS.
96-1.02E Silt Fence Fabric
Silt fence fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Silt Fence FabricQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Woven / Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 120 / 120
Apparent elongation, in each direction (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 15 / 50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft) / ASTM D4491 / 10–100 / 100–150
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 0.05 / 1.1
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches) / ASTM D4751 / 0.023 / 0.012
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70 / 70
96-1.02F Gravel-Filled Bag
Gravel-filled bag must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Gravel-Filled BagQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 205
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft / ASTM D4491 / 80–150
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 0.2
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches) / ASTM D4751 / 0.016
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70
96-1.02G Sediment Filter Bag
The sediment filter bag must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Sediment Filter BagQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Woven / Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction,(min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 200 / 250
Apparent elongation, in each direction, (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 10 / 50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft) / ASTM D4491 / 100-200 / 75-200
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 1.0 / 1.0
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches) / ASTM D4751 / 0.023 / 0.012
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70 / 70
96-1.02H Temporary Cover
Temporary cover must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Temporary CoverQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Woven / Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 200 / 200
Apparent elongation in each direction, (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 15 / 50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft) / ASTM D4491 / 4-10 / 80-120
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 0.05 / 1.0
Apparent opening size, average roll value,(max, inches) / ASTM D4751 / 0.023 / 0.012
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70 / 70
96-1.02I Rock Slope Protection Fabric
RSP fabric must be a permeable, nonwoven, needle-punched geotextile. The fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:
1.Polyester
2.Polypropylene
3.Combined polyester and polypropylene
Polymers must be either virgin compounds or clean reworked material. Do not subject virgin compounds to use or processing other than required for initial manufacture. Clean reworked material must be previously processed material from the processor's own production that has been reground, pelletized, or solvated. The fabric must not contain more than 20 percent of clean reworked material by weight. Do not use recycled materials from either post-consumer or post-industrial sources.
RSP fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
RSP FabricQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Class 8 / Class 10
Mass,(min, oz/sq yd) / ASTM D5261 / 7.5 / 9.5
Grab breaking load, 1 inch grip in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 200 / 250
Apparent elongationin each direction, (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 50 / 50
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 1.0 / 0.70
Apparent opening size, (min and max, US Standard sieve size) / ASTM D4751 / 70–100 / 70–100
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70 / 70
96-1.02J Paving Fabric
Geosynthetics used for paving fabric must be nonwoven.
Paving fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Paving FabricQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd) / ASTM D5261 / 4.1
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 100
Apparent elongationin each direction, (min, percent) / ASTM D4632 / 50
Hydraulic bursting strength, (min, psi) / ASTM D3786 / 200
Melting point, (min, F) / ASTM D276 / 325
Asphalt retention, (min, gal/sq yd) / ASTM D6140 / 0.2
96-1.02K Paving Mat
Geosynthetics used for paving mat must be a nonwoven fiberglass and polyester hybrid material.
Paving mat must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Paving MatQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Breaking force, (min, lb/2 inch cut strip) / ASTM D5035 / 45
Ultimate elongation, (max, percent) / ASTM D5035 / 5
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd) / ASTM D5261 / 3.7
Melting point, (min, F) / ASTM D276 / 400
Asphalt retention, (min, gal/sq yd) / ASTM D6140 / 0.10
96-1.02L Paving Grid
Geosynthetics used for paving grid must be a geopolymer material formed into a grid of integrally connected elements with openings.
Paving grid must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Paving GridQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Class I / Class II / Class III
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ina) / ASTM D6637 / 560 x 1,120 / 560 / 280
Aperture size, (min, inch) / Calipered / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.5
Elongation, (max, percent) / ASTM D6637 / 12 / 12 / 12
Mass per area, (min, oz/sq yd) / ASTM D5261 / 16 / 10 / 5.5
Melting point, (min, °F) / ASTM D276 / 325 / 325 / 325
a For Class I, machine direction x cross direction. For Class II and Class III, both directions.
96-1.02M Paving Geocomposite Grid
Paving geocomposite grid must consist of a paving grid specified in section 96-1.02L bonded or integrated with a paving fabric as specified in section 96-1.02J.
Paving geocomposite grid must have a peel strength of at least 10 lb/ft when testedunder ASTM D413.
96-1.02N Geocomposite Strip Membrane
Geocomposite strip membrane must be various widths of strips manufactured from asphaltic rubber and geosynthetics.
Geocomposite strip membrane must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Geocomposite Strip MembraneQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Strip tensile strength, (min, lb/inch) / ASTM D882 / 50
Elongation at break, (min, percent) / ASTM D882 / 50
Resistance to puncture, (min, lb) / ASTM E154 / 200
Permeance, (max, perms) / ASTM E96/E96M / 0.10
Pliability, 1/4 inch mandrel with sample conditioned at 25 °F / ASTM D146 / No cracks in fabric or bitumen
Melting point, (°F) / ASTM D276 / 325
96-1.02O Subgrade Enhancement Geotextile
Subgrade enhancement geotextile must be either polyester or polypropylene.
Subgrade enhancement geotextile must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Subgrade Enhancement GeotextileQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirementa
Class A1 / Class A2 / Class B1 / Class B2 / Class B3
Elongation at break, (percent) / ASTM D4632 / <50 / ≥50 / <50 / <50 / ≥50
Grab breaking load, 1-inch gripin each direction, (min, lb) / ASTM D4632 / 250 / 160 / -- / 320 / 200
Wide width tensile strength at 5 percent strain, (min, lb/ft) / ASTM D4595 / -- / -- / 2,000 / -- / --
Wide width tensile strength at ultimate strength, (min, lb/ft) / ASTM D4595 / -- / -- / 4,800 / -- / --
Tear strength, (min, lb) / ASTM D4533 / 90 / 60 / -- / 120 / 80
Puncture strength, (min, lb) / ASTM D6241 / 500 / 310 / 620 / 620 / 430
Permittivity, (min, sec-1) / ASTM D4491 / 0.05 / 0.05 / 0.20 / 0.20 / 0.20
Apparent opening size, (min, inches) / ASTM D4751 / 0.012 / 0.012 / 0.024 / 0.012 / 0.012
Ultraviolet resistance,retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 70 / 70 / 70 / 70 / 70
aValues are based on minimum average roll value in the weaker principal direction except apparent opening size is based on maximum average roll value.
96-1.02P Biaxial Geogrid
Geosynthetics used for biaxial geogrid must be a punched and drawn polypropylene material formed into an integrally formed biaxial grid.
Biaxial geogrid must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Biaxial GeogridQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Aperture size, (min and max, inch)a / Calipered / 0.81.3 x 1.01.6
Rib thickness, (min, inch) / Calipered / 0.04
Junction thickness, (min, inch) / Calipered / 0.150
Tensile strength, 2% strain, (min, lb/ft)a / ASTM D6637 / 410 x 620
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ft)a / ASTM D6637 / 1,310 x 1,970
Ultraviolet resistance, retained tensile strength, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 100
Junction strength, (min, lb/ft)a
min / ASTM D7737 / 1,220 x 1,830
Overall flexural rigidity, (min, mg-cm) / ASTM D7748 / 750,000
Torsional rigidity at 20 cm-kg, (min, mm-kg/deg)b / GRI:GG9 / 0.65
aMachine direction x cross direction
bGeosynthetic Research Institute, Test Method GG9, Torsional Behavior of Bidirectional Geogrids When Subjected to In-Plane Rotation
96-1.02Q Geosynthetic Bond Breaker
Geosynthetic bond breaker must be nonwoven; needle punched; not heat treated; polypropylene, polyethylene material.
Geosynthetic bond breaker material must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:
Geosynthetic Bond BreakerQuality characteristic / Test method / Requirement
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd) / ASTM D5261 / 14.7
Thickness at 29 psi, (min, mm) / ASTM D5199 / 1.0
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ft) / ASTM D4595 / 685
Elongation, (max, percent) / ASTM D4595 / 130
Permittivity at 2.9 psi, (min, m/s) / ASTM D5493 / 0.0001
Hydraulic transmissivity at 29 psi, (min, m/s) / ASTM D6574 / 0.0002
Ultraviolet resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent) / ASTM D4355 / 60
96-1.02R–96-1.02Y Reserved
96-1.03 CONSTRUCTION
Not Used
96-1.04 PAYMENT
Not Used