Table S1 Sample Collection Information for the Asian Great Bustard That Yielded Successful

Table S1 Sample collection information for the Asian great bustard that yielded successful mtDNA control region sequences.

Populationon / Sample ID
codes / Collection locality / Collection date
KS / KS1 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS2 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS3 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS4 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS5 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS6 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS7 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS8 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS9 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS10 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS11 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS12 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS13 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS14 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS15 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS16 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS17 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS18 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS19 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
KS20 / Kaoshan core area of Tumuji National Nature Reserve / 24 Dec 2015
MAS / MAS1 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS2 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS3 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS4 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS5 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS6 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS7 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS8 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS9 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS10 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS11 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS12 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS13 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS14 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS15 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS16 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS17 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS18 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS19 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
MAS20 / Maanshan military forbidden area / 27 Dec 2015
NCZ / NCZ1 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ2 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ3 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ4 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ5 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ6 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ7 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ8 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ9 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ10 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ11 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ12 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ13 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ14 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
NCZ15 / The north of Canzhou, Hebei province / 19 Jan 2016
SCZ / SCZ1 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ2 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ3 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ4 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ5 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ6 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ7 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ8 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ9 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ10 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ11 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ12 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ13 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ14 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ15 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
SCZ16 / The south of Canzhou, Hebei province / 20 Jan 2016
NWN / NWN1 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN2 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN3 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN4 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN5 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN6 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN7 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN8 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN9 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN10 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN11 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN12 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN13 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN14 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
NWN15 / The north of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 12 2016
SWN / SWN1 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN2 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN3 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN4 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN5 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN6 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN7 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN8 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN9 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN10 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN11 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN12 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN13 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN14 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016
SWN15 / The south of Weinan, Shaanxi province / Mar 15 2016

Table S2 Pairwise estimates of ΦST between three wintering regions of Asian great bustard. Region 1 includes KS, MAS; Region 2 includes NCZ, SCZ; Region 3 includes NWN, SWN; see Fig. 1 for wintering locations.

Region1 / Region2 / Region3
Region1 / 0.00
Region2 / 0.05 / 0.00
Region3 / 0.15* / 0.07 / 0.00

Fig.S1 Bayesian inference using the HKY + I mutation model for the mtDNA control region in Asian great bustard. Outgroup is the nominal great bustard (O. t. tarda, Genbank accession no.:DQ445305). The sequence codes follow Table S1. Numbers above branches represent Bayesian posterior probabilities.

Fig. S2 Results of the multidimensional scaling analyses based on the genetic distances (FST) obtained from the haplotype composition of the Asian great bustard populations studied. The stress value for the two-dimension representation was 0.03.

Fig. S3 Mismatch distribution for sequences from the entire sample of Asian great bustard showing consistency with sudden population expansion. The expected distribution is based on model of constant population size.

Fig. S4 Effective population size of Asian Great Bustard estimates using mtDNA data. Various estimates are obtained using a range of substitution rates that are plausible for these data.