Ethical User Teacher’s Guide
/ Teacher’s GuideEthical User
Assignments
· Detecting Plagiarism
· Copyright & Fair Use
· Citation
Each of the training experiences described in the Ethical User Teacher’s Guide provide a real world opportunity to exercise critical thinking that leads to a deeper understanding of the ethical use of digital materials.
Table of Contents
Challenge 1: Detecting Plagiarism 3
Training Mission: Information Theft 4
Answer Key 5
Challenge 2: Copyright & Fair Use 6
Training Mission: Internet Music 7
Answer Key 8
Challenge 3: Citation 9
Training Mission: Formal Citations 10
Answer Key 11
Core Concepts for Ethical Use Addressed by Independent Study 12
Links to Independent Study MicroModules 13
Appendix A: Detecting Plagiarism 16
Appendix B: Copyright and Fair Use 19
Appendix C: Citation 23
Challenge 1: Detecting Plagiarism/ Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense. According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:
· to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
· to use (another's production) without crediting the source
· to commit literary theft
· to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
Detecting Plagiarism: (See Appendix A for complete MicroModule Contents.)
This module addresses the following Core Concepts for Ethical Use:
Learners ethically use digital information
· Decide whether or not to integrate digital information related to a specific information task
o Demonstrate ability to detect plagiarism
o Give credit to the source and/or author for the selected digital information
Ethical User: Detecting Plagiarism
Assignment: Information Theft
The Internet makes it easy to copy other's work. Search engines can be used to detect copying.
After completing the Plagiarism MicroModule print a copy of your quiz for your teacher.
Check this paragraph turned in as part of a book report on Animal Farm:
Almost all of Shakespeare's Hamlet can be understood as a play about acting and the theater. For example, there is Hamlet's pretense of madness, the "antic disposition" that he puts on to protect himself and prevent his antagonists from plucking out the heart of his mystery. When Hamlet enters his mother’s room, he holds up, side by side, the pictures of the two kings, Old Hamlet and Claudius, and proceeds to describe for her the true nature of the choice she has made, presenting truth by means of a show. Similarly, when he leaps into the open grave at Ophelia's funeral, ranting in high heroic terms, he is acting out for Laertes, and perhaps for himself as well, the folly of excessive, melodramatic expressions of grief.
Answer the following questions:
· Is this paragraph copied from the Internet?
· How did you check this paragraph?
· Who is the author of this work?
· Show proof for your answer about the author.
· Use complete sentences.
· Hand in your worksheet and quiz to your Teacher.
Detecting Plagiarism | Information Theft |
Answer Key
Is this passage plagiarized? Yes. Much of the passage is a word for word copy.
Who is the author of this work? Alvin Kernan, The Playwright as Magician. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979. pp. 102–103.
Support your position with a reasoned argument.
By applying the techniques taught in the MicroModule, your students will be able to prove the following passage is plagiarized.
"Almost all of Shakespeare's Hamlet can be understood as a play about acting and the theater. For example, there is Hamlet's pretense of madness, the "antic disposition" that he puts on to protect himself and prevent his antagonists from plucking out the heart of his mystery. When Hamlet enters his mother’s room, he holds up, side by side, the pictures of the two kings, Old Hamlet and Claudius, and proceeds to describe for her the true nature of the choice she has made, presenting truth by means of a show. Similarly, when he leaps into the open grave at Ophelia's funeral, ranting in high heroic terms, he is acting out for Laertes, and perhaps for himself as well, the folly of excessive, melodramatic expressions of grief. "
Pasting excerpts of the passage into the Google search box yields strong evidence that the passage is plagiarized. This search returns a significant and telling website: Academic Integrity at Princeton. http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/integrity/pages/plagiarism.html
The Princeton website compares several fraudulent versions of the passage providing commentary on three different levels of plagiarism. By visiting the site, the student will see that our example passage was copied directly from the source. The true author is identified as Alvin Kernan. The text in question was lifted from The Playwright as Magician. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979. pp.102-103
Pasting the entire passage into a search box doesn’t always work. Using this method in some t search engines yields zero results. A more reliable approach is to use unique phrases from the passage under investigation. On Yahoo.com, this phrase “Ophelia's funeral, ranting in high heroic terms, he is acting out for Laertes” results in about 15 different sites, each dealing with plagiarism.
Consider requiring your students to provide multiple sources of proof from different websites. This will reinforce a skeptical mindset and underscore the reality that different search engines return different results!
Challenge 2: Copyright & Fair Use/ How can you determine if information on a web page is copyrighted?
There may be a copyright mark, ©. The creator's name may be given at the top or bottom of the page. It may be dated, indicating that it should not be recreated. It does not matter whether a page is marked with copyright or not. You should assume that all print, image, and sound materials are published under intellectual property right protection laws; the creator owns his/her own creation and holds the copyright automatically from the time it hits paper or electronic media. (Sorry, you cannot do whatever you want with published digital information, but this holds for your creations too!)
Copyright & Fair Use: (See Appendix B for complete MicroModule Contents.)
This module addresses the following Core Concepts for Ethical Use:
Learners ethically use digital information
· Decide whether or not to integrate digital information related to a specific information task
o Comply with copyright guidelines
o Correctly quote and paraphrase content
o Give credit to the source and/or author for the selected digital information
o Apply Fair Use methods
Ethical User: Copyright & Fair Use
Training Mission: Internet Music
Which Internet files can you legally use?
After finishing the Copyright & Fair Use MicroModule print your quiz for your teacher.
Write your answer to this idea:
"Copying music files from other Internet users is legal and fair as long as you don't sell or share the files."
Hand in your worksheet and quiz to your Teacher.
Copyright & Fair Use | Internet Music |
Answer Key
Downloading music from the Internet is something that many of your students are doing. Most students ignore or are willing to argue the injustice of a simple truth: Most music found on the Internet is protected by copyright and cannot be downloaded without paying the artist or publisher.
The fair use rules explained in the MicroModule apply to educational uses of copyrighted material. Fair Use for educational purposes allows students and teachers to use excerpts of copyrighted material for educational activities. One time use of a complete song in the context of a classroom presentation would be fair use. Copying, swapping, and listening to that same song for fun would is a violation of copyright.
The scenario described in the Challenge and Training materials clearly describes recreational use of downloaded music. This means fair use rules do not apply. Downloading music for personal use from the Internet almost always violates copyright, unless you pay the copyright holder for the right to listen.
Services like Apple’s iTunes, Rhapsody from Real Networks, and the redesigned Napster music service all provide various ways to license and use copyrighted music. The user pays a monthly or yearly fee for the right to download and listen to music. These services provide a legal and ethical way to legitimately download music for personal use.
Peer to peer file sharing systems like the original Napster, Kazaa, Grokster, Morpheus and Limewire may be used for illegal sharing. These websites sell access to a database of users and the Internet locations for a user’s ‘personal files’. Users are then ‘free’ to directly swap files to and from each other’s hard drives via the Internet. Sharing copyrighted protected materials like this violates the law and is not ethical.
An exception would be ‘free’ downloads offered by independent musicians as a way to promote their music. In some cases pay services will offer a limited number of free downloads to promote their sites. When it comes to music and the Internet remember the old adage: You get what you pay for. (And if you aren’t paying, you’re probably violating copyright.)
Want to know more?
WebQuest: Computer Ethics: Free Music... OK or Not OK?? http://www.oakcreek.k12.wi.us/wms/ethtasks.htm
Try the following queries on several of your favorite search engines:
riaa +lawsuit, “peer to peer file sharing”, “Creative Commons”, intellectual property, p2p ethics,
/ What is the procedure and format for citing web pages in reports and presentations?
Does your teacher insist on MLA or APA citations? Does the journal you are writing for mandate CBE style? When citing any resource for research-based work, you must use the citation style your audience demands. There are many popular citation styles. The Citation Wizard automates basic citation formatting for electronic resources in five popular styles:
· American Psychological Association APA Style
· Council of Biology Editors CBE Style
· Chicago Style
· International Organization for Standardization ISO Style
· Modern Language Association MLA Style
Citation: (See Appendix C for complete MicroModule Contents.)
This module addresses the following Core Concepts for Ethical Use:
Learners ethically use digital information
· Decide whether or not to integrate digital information related to a specific information task
o Give credit to the source and/or author for the selected digital information
o Apply appropriate citation methods
Citation
Training Mission: Formal Citations
When you use Internet information include the source. This shows you understand how to do research. Citations prove you respect an author's writing and thinking. Making citations also protects you from a charge of copying.
After completing the Citation MicroModule print a copy of your quiz for your teacher.
Whenever you get information from the Internet you should cite the source.
1. Make a citation for each source you selected in Modules 1 and 3.
2. Use a citation style approved by your teacher.
3. Copy/paste and edit (as necessary) the information from the Information Fluency Citation Wizard into the box below.
4. Edit your citation to take out extra spaces or missing information warnings.
5. When you have it the way you want it…hand in your worksheet and quiz to your teacher.
Citation | Research Citations|
Answer Key
These citations were created using the Citation Wizard. They still need some editing to be technically correct. For example, some citations have **source** indicating a missing field needed when citing a traditional paper source. For websites, this field doesn’t apply, so students should just delete this wording.
Notes on the example:
Creating citations requires critical judgment while investigating the digital resource in question. In many ways, citing sources is a form of mini-evaluation that helps students learn both ethical use of resources and resource evaluation skills.
Citations may be pasted directly into a paper. But this doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be edited first. Missing information warnings should be removed, or the missing information found and entered into the Wizard.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Barrie, J.M. (2005) Turnitin. **source**. Retrieved August 6, 2005, from website: http://turnitin.com/static/home.html
Chicago
J.M. Barrie, "Turnitin," [website] ( 2005 [cited 6 August 2005]); available from World Wide Web @ http://turnitin.com/static/home.html
Council of Biology Editors (CBE)
Barrie JM. 2005. Turnitin. Oakland, CA: iParadigms, LLC. <http://turnitin.com/static/home.html>. Accessed 2005 August 6.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Barrie, John M. . Turnitin. **source** [website]. Oakland (CA): iParadigms, LLC, 2005- [cited 6 August 2005]. Available from Internet: <http://turnitin.com/static/home.html>.
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Barrie, John M. . "Turnitin." (2005): iParadigms, LLC 6 August 2005 <http://turnitin.com/static/home.html>.
Power Searcher’s Teacher’s Guide © 2015 Information Fluency page 3 of 3
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