Maturitní otázka číslo 3.

Health

Introduction

We need the doctor, when we are ill, or when we are hurt, or when something happens with our body - we can have a crash, broken leg, arm ... Especially in the winters months we need the doctor, because a lot of us suffer from cold, flu, fever...

Illnesses

Children

scarlet fever – spála

polio – dětská obrna

measles – spalničky

german measles – zarděnky

mumps – příušnice

pox - neštovice

Serious

cancer – rakovina

encephalitis – zánět mozkových blan

diphteria – záškrt

hepatitis – žloutenka

plague – mor

cholera, AIDS

meningokok

Infectious

tonsillitis – angína

flu – chřipka

bronchitis – zánět průdušek

pneuminia – zápal plic

cold – nachlazení

sore-throat – bolení v krku

First aid

try the pulse, try the breathing, put the head up, stick the tongue (the person can suffocate = zadusit se), stop bleeding by pressing special points, artificial respiration, make a plaster – two brunches and a line or scarf

when someone fainted – cold water, send him out, fresh air, sit down

Types of doctor

general practitionervšeobecný lékař

paediatricianpediatr

dentistzubař

dermatologistkožní lékař

orthopaedistortoped

gynaecologistgynekolog

opticianoptik

neurologistneurolog

ENT specialistušní, nosní, krční

surgeonchirurg

psychologistpsycholog

vetzvěrolékař

Medicines

pillspilulky

tabletsprášky

injectioninjekce

ointmentmast

solutionroztok

dropskapky

garglekloktadlo

Prevention

Live healthy lifestyle, eat healthy food – vegetables, fruit, have a lot of vitamins, do some sport, breath fresh air, keep hygienic laws, wear warm clothes, avoid stress, keep fit, no smoking, alcohol, drugs

Going to the doctor

 at first we go to see the GP (general practitioner), who can send us to the specialist, but before that, he does some examinations

 the doctor has to know, which problem you suffer from - the doctor asks you some questions:

- What seems to be the trouble?

- How have you been feeling recently?

- When did you first notice this?

 after the questions the doctor gives you some orders:

- Let’s take to look at you.

- Put out your tongue.

- Does it hurt?

- Strip to the waist, please.

- Open your… please.

- Take off your… please.

- Take a deep breath.

- Stop breathing.

 the doctor can take you some suggestions

- Try to cut down on cigarettes/alcohol.

- You ought to do more exercise, eat less fat, stop working so hard, relax at home, eat a balanced diet, …

Your doctor can …

- examine you

- take your pulse

- take your temperature, with a thermometer

- listen to your heartbeat, with a stethoscope

- test your reflexes, with a hammer

- give you a check-up

- take your blood pressure

- give you some pills to take

- give you some ointment to rub in to your back, to put on your back

- give you a prescription

- give you an injection (using a syringe)

- refer you to a specialist

- send you to have an X-ray

- ask you to make another appointment

What you have to do, when you are ill?

Symptoms – You feel rotten, shivery, with an aching head, limbs, you are sweeting, you have lost your appetite, feel sick.

 stay indoors, keep warm, and keep away from other people as much as possible

 have plenty of cool drinks – water, fruit drinks, milky drinks (about 2-3 liters a day)

 if you feel shivery over 38C or aches or pains, try taking aspirin every 4 hours during the day

 rest in the bed if you can

 try to have 3 light meals a day. But don’t force yourself to eat if you’ve lost your appetite

Private doctor or state doctor?

 It depends on our preferences. We can chose the best one and it could be private, but state doctor, too.

 everybody must be insured in our state and basic medical care should be unpaid

 but at the specialist or by the private doctors we have to pay for some special treatment

Problems in general, in our country

Hospitals – not very good, no place, badly equipped, expensive, bad food

Paying – medicaments are expensive, insurance companies do not want to pay them, sometimes doctors want to have profit from selling medicaments

Insurance – everybody must be insured, expensive, some companies do not do what they should – they promise sth. and then said that it is for some another people…

people can not be ill, they could lose their job or they won’t get money

incurable diseases – AIDS, cancer – people try to find the medicine of to slow down the illness

North Bohemia, Ostrava – smog, bad air, vocational diseases (z povolání)

temperatureteplota

swallowpolykat

hoarseochraptělý

coldrýma

feel dizzymít závrať

faintmdloba

unconsciousnessbezvědomí

be exhaustedbýt vyčerpaný

rashvyrážka

blisterpuchýř

bruisemodřina

black eyemonokl

sprain anklevymknutý kotník

stretch musclenatažený sval

hurtzranit

bleedkrvácet

feel sickcítit se špatně

be sickstonat

plasternáplast, sádra

fillingplomba

put in a fillingzaplombovat

stingdát žihadlo

injurezranění

ailmentonemocnění

preventionprevence

symptompříznak

diagnosisdiagnóza

curevyléčit

treatmentléčba

injectioninjekce

prescriptionrecept

to prescribepředepsat

medicinelék

scratchškrábnutí

stabbodnutí

vaccinevakcína

woundzranění

diseasechoroba

contagiousnakažlivý

coughkašel

feverhorečka

hypochondriachypochondr, -ický

malignantzhoubný

tumournádor

solutionroztok

rebandagepřevaz

ambulance carsanitka

stretchernosítka

crutchesberle

respirationdýchání

to X-rayrentgenovat

to bleedkrvácet

bumpboule

fatalsmrtelný

lethalsmrtelný

bandageobvaz

disinfectantdesinfekce

cotton woolvata

pure spiritčistý líh

acidkyselina

tickklíště

to transferpřenášet

virusvir

antibioticsantibiotika

nurse zdravotní sestra

surgeryvytřovna

hospital wardpokoj vnemocnici

operating theatreoperační sál

ilnesses:

coldrýma

influenza, fluchřipka

tonsillitisangína

diphtheriazáškrt

scarletspála

infantile paralysisdětská obrna

sunstrokeúpal, úžeh

hepatitisžloutenka

bronchitiszánět průdušek

otitiszánět středního ucha

pneumoniazápal plic

measlesspalničky

German measleszarděnky

mumpspříušnice

cancerrakovina

encephalitiszánět mozkových blan

diarrhoeaprůjem

plaguemor