5 Eukaryotes
- What are the 5 phyla of Eukaryotic organisms?
- What structure is used for cellular locomotion?
- What structure is used for moving substances along the surface of a cell?
- What is the difference between flagella and cilia?
Cilia are many and short
- What type of algae use flagella?
- What phyla of organisms often have cilia?
- What is an example of cilia in the human?
- What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote flagella?
- How are the flagella and cilia anchored to the plasma membrane?
- What do they consist of and how are they arranged?
- What are microtubules made of?
- Microtubules are made from tubulin
- 9 pairs + 2 arrangements
- Do most non-animal eukaryotic cells have cell walls?
- What 3 phyla have cellulose in their cell walls?
- When would a eukaryotic cell have a glycocalyx?
- What is a glycocalyx?
- Do eukaryotic cells contain peptidoglycan?
- Do antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin affect eukaryotic cells?
- Is the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell different than that of a prokaryotic cell?
- Are all eukaryotic cell plasma membranes the same?
- Where do bacteria attach on a cell?
- What are sterols, and where are they found?
- What is the function of sterols?
- What methods allow for substances to cross the cell membrane?
- diffusion
- active transport
- endocytosis
- What is endocytosis?
- What is it when the cell membrane projects a pseudopod (false foot), engulfs a particle to bring it in the cell?
- Where is cytoplasm located in a cell?
-Outside the nucleus
- What is the thick fluid inside cells called?
- Only eukaryotic cytoplasm has a cytoskeleton, give 2 examples.
-Microtubules
- What is a cytoskeleton?
- Can cytoskeleton move the entire cell?
- What is cytoplasmic streaming?
- Many of the important enzymes found in eukaryotes are contained where?
- What are organelles?
- Name the membrane-bound organelles.
ER
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Centrioles
- What is the structure in a cell that is not membrane-bound, and is therefore not considered to be anorganelle?
- Name the 4 characteristics of the nucleus.
Surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear envelope
Within nucleus has one or more nucleoli
Contains some protein called histones
- What is the function of histones?
- What is chromatin?
- During replication what shortens and thickens in to chromosomes?
- Do Prokaryotes undergo this process?
No
- Do Prokaryotes have Histones?
- Is the DNA of a prokaryote enclosed in a nuclear envelope?
- How do Eukaryotic cells replicate?
- Does this happen in prokaryotes?
No
- What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
- What are the two types of ER?
- What is the rough ER
- What is the function of ribosomes?
- What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
- What does smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum contain?
- What function does the smooth ER in Liver cells perform?
- Within the Golgi complex, what is the protein modified into?
- What are glycolipids?
- What are glycoproteins?
- What are lipoproteins?
- What part of the Golgi complex is the secretory vesicle detached from?
- From the Golgi membrane, where is the protein delivered to?
- What two transportation methods do proteins use to leave the Golgi complex?
- What are the vesicles of the Golgi complex called?
- What is an important vesicle that contains digestive enzymes?
- Describe the physical feature of a lysosome.
- What is the vesicle called that stores processed proteins or nutrients?
- What is the function of Lysosomes?
- What are the functions of vacuoles?
Store wastes and poisons to prevent toxicity to the cytoplasm
Used to transport substances within a cell and transport substances to the outside of the cell
- What are Mitochondria?
- Name the characteristics of Mitochondria?
- What is the purpose of the cristae in mitochondria?
- Why are mitochondria so important to cells?
- How are mitochondria semi-dependent of the cell?
- What is a theory of the origin of Mitochondria?
- Where are chloroplasts found?
- What do chloroplasts contain?
- Are they capable of multiplying on their own within each cell?
- How do chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate?
- What organelle contains enzymes that can oxidize various substances including alcohol?
- What is the end product of the oxidation reaction?
- What is catalase?
- What is the function of peroxisomes?
- Ribosomes are attached to which surface of the rough ER?
- What is the function of the Ribosomes in the cell?
- Are the Ribosomes in eukaryotic cells larger or smaller than the Ribosomes in the prokaryotic cells?
- What are the purposes of the proteins made by ribosomes?
- Where are Centromes located?
- What is the purpose of the Centrome?
PROKARYOTIC / EUKARYOTIC
One circular chromosome, not membrane-bound / Paired chromosomes, membrane-bound
No histones / Histones present
No organelles / Organelles present: Golgi complex, ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Peptidoglycan cell walls / Polysaccharide cell walls
Reproduce by binary fission / Reproduce by mitosis/meiosis
No true nucleus; no nuclear membrane / True nucleus; nuclear membrane; also has nucleoli
Glycocalyx present as capsule or slime layer / Present in some cells that lack a cell wall
Has phospholipid bilayer plasma membrane / Has phospholipid bilayer plasma membrane
Plasma membrane has no carbohydrates and lack sterols / Plasma membrane has carbohydrates and sterols
No cytoskeleton / Has a cytoskeleton
Ribosomes are small (70S) / Ribosomes are large (80S)
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