REPUBLIC OF GUINEA-BISSAU
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RURAL COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CDD)
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RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF)
December 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I.INTRODUCTION
1.1.Project Outline: Proposed Objectives and Components
1.2.Project Sub-components likely to Trigger Involuntary Resettlement
1.3.Socio-economic baseline of the project
1.4.Why RAPs cannot be developed at this time
1.5.Results of the public consultation
II.principles and objectives OF resettlement OPERATIONS
III.process for preparing and approving resettlement plans
3.1.Verifying Whether Or Not There Is Resettlement: The Environmental and Social Screening Checklist (ESSC)
3.2.Community Development of a RAP and Project Certification
3.3.The Approval Process
3.4.Implementation and Monitoring
3.5.Training
3.6.Estimated Population Displacement by Category
3.7.Eligibility Criteria
3.8.Cut-off-Date
IV.legal framework
4.1.Laws and Regulations of Guinea Bissau
4.2.Bank Policy Requirements
4.3.Measures To Bridge Any Gaps
4.4.Methods of Valuing Affected Assets
4.5.Organizational Procedures for Delivery of Entitlements
V.IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
5.1.Completion of Resettlement Operation before Sub—Project Construction Begins
5.2.Grievance Redress Mechanisms
5.3.Resettlement Funding Arrangements
5.4.Consultative Processes and Local Participation
5.5.Monitoring and Evaluation
5.6.Dissemination
List of Annexes
Annex 1: RAP Requirements
Annex 2: Resettlement Action Plan Outline
Annex 3: Environmental and Social Screening Checklist (ESSC)
Annex 4: Summary Socio-economic Information Form
Annex 5: Grievance Registration Form (Illustrative Template)
Annex 6: Monitoring Report Form
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1: Estimated Area Affected and Number of Project-Affected People, by Type of CDD Investment
Table 2: Illustrative Matrix of Compensation Packages by Type of Asset Lost and Ownership Right
Figure 1: Organization of the Implementation Process
ACRONYMS
CBOCommunity Based Organization
CDDCommunity Driven Development
CDLComite de desenvolvimiento local (Local Development Committee)
CNPComite nacional de pilotagem (National Steering Committee)
EIAEnvironmental Impact Assessment
EMPEnvironmental Management Plan
FIALFundo de Iniciativas Ambientais Locais (Local Environmental Project Fund)
GRPGabinete Regional de Planificacao (Regional Planning Office)
IDAInternational Development Association
MEIRMinisterio de Economia e da Integracao Regional (Ministry of Economy andRegional Integration)
OPOperational Policy
PAPProject Affected Person (or Population)
PCUProject Coordination Unit (CDD)
RAPResettlement Action Plan
RPFResettlement Policy Framework
RORegional Office (CDD)
VDAVillage Development Assistant (CDD animnator)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
For more than a decade and a half, Guinea Bissau has been experiencing an economic and social crisis. As part of its commitment to address this crisis, the Government of Guinea Bissau applied for financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for a Rural Community-Driven Development (CDD) project in 2009.[1]Following the April 2012 military coup, the crisis situation in Guinea-Bissau further deteriorated with severe adverse economic and social impacts on the population of the country, particularly its poorest segments. A decrease in domestic revenues combined with a lack of budget support is currently preventing the Government of Guinea Bissau from providing basic social services to the population.As a response to this crisis, the World Bank has prepared an Additional Financing to scale-up the activities that are currently beign successfully implemented under the original rural CDD project to further improve the Project’s impact and development effectiveness.
According to the World Bank project environmental classification CDD is a Category B project with respect to potential environmental and social impacts. Although no major resettlement issues are expected to arise during the course of implementing the CDD additional financing Project, the World Bank OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement Safeguard policy has been triggered for the Project based on the fact that some community investmentswould finance activities that may require land that is owned, claimed or occupied by others (e.g., community infrastructure, economic infrastructure, health and education infrastructure).
However at this stage of project preparation, the scope, scale, locations and number of sub-projects that will be financed under the additional financing have not been fully defined so it is not possible to determine what the land requirements and the real social impacts are, in terms of loss of livelihoods and economic activities and who the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will be. Against this background, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), that was prepared for the original CDD project has been updated to define the principles and procedures that will govern any resettlement activity and clearly indicate the measures to be taken to mitigate the adverse social and economic impacts induced by the CDDProject during implementation and after.
This RPF reflects a commitment of the Project to comply with the Government’s social policies, laws and regulations and the World Bank’s social safeguard policies.
Project Description
Under the Additional Financing, the Project Development Objective (PDO) of the original project to increase access to priority basic social and economic infrastructures and services in participating communities in at least two regions of Guinea-Bissau would remain unchanged and would comprise of four components: (i) scale up the preparation of community development plans to cover new communities in at least two new regions of Guinea-Bissau (Component 1); (ii) scale up the construction and rehabilitation of new community-based micro-projects benefitting additional individuals of whom at least half would be women (Component 2); (iii) scale up Project coordination and monitoring and evaluation (Component 3); and (iv) finance the salaries of teachers (civil servants, pending civil servants, and contractors) and health workers (civil servants and pending civil servants) (Component 4).[2]
Project Sub-components likely to Trigger Involuntary Resettlement
Although the project has many components it is the community based sub-projects under component 2 that are likely to trigger involuntary resettlement. The community investments will finance a wide range of initiatives (‘sub-projects’), including:
i)small community infrastructure (e.g., wells, latrines, rural roads);
ii)economic infrastructure to support productive investments (e.g., livestock development, fish processing, palm oil production, dikes for community-wide agriculture, value-adding to farm production, trading);
iii)community-based health activities (e.g., distributing impregnated bed-nets, training community volunteers to combat malaria, distributing modern contraceptives and condoms, funding for patient referral to the first level health care facility (particularly for high-risk pregnancies), organizing a nutritional surveillance system);
iv)pre- and primary education (e.g., construction of one- and two-classroom schools, provision of learning materials)
v)investments to assist CBOs to develop income-generating activities (e.g., training in organizational procedures and simple bookkeeping, information on markets, technical assistance in packaging, facilitation of access to consumer markets)
Scope
The objective of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the CDD project is to establish the conditions under which land acquisition and resettlement would take place and outline the principles and procedures to be followed, in the event that an infrastructural investment involves impacts and losses associated with its implementation to ensure that no individuals, households and communities in the targeted areas are worse off due to project activities. This process will be inclusive, to encompass vulnerable social groups and guarantee that they receive equitable treatment.
Methodology
The general approach consisted of the review of relevant background documents (both print and electronic) and consultations with the various stakeholders.
1
RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK
COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
GUINEA BISSAU
I.INTRODUCTION
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) provides guidelines to communities, local leaders and project officers for the development of Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) under the Community Driven Development (CDD) Project.[3] RAPs are required, by agreement of the Government with the World Bank, for: i) the indemnification of property such as land, houses or businesseswhether held underformal legal title or by customary right, ii) the physical relocation (resettlement) of families or businesses, and iii) the restoration of economic livelihoods in the event that these assets or activities are affected by a sub-project, be it through land acquisition or through restriction of access to natural resources. This RPF will define these situations and provide guidelines for suggested remedial measures to incorporate in the RAPs.
This RPF applies to all sub-projects financed under the CDD project that require land for their investment.
1.1.Project Outline: Proposed Objectives and Components
In Guinea-Bissau governance structures are weak; agricultural and other production is underdeveloped; and poverty is widespread. Guinea-Bissau ranked 176th out of 186 countries in the 2013 UNDP Human Development Index, with three-quarters of its population living in poverty and 45 percent in extreme poverty.[4] Incidence is uneven across age groups, by gender, and across regions.Rural Guinea Bissau lacks basic infrastructure and government services, including health, education, agriculture and agricultural services.
In this context and to redress these concerns, the CDD program will: i) support overall project management and program monitoring, ii) develop local capacity for sub-project selection, planning, implementation, and monitoring, and iii) finance local investments in poor rural communities. Under the Additional Financing, the Project Development Objective (PDO) of the original project to increase access to priority basic social and economic infrastructures and services in participating communities in at least two regions of Guinea-Bissau would remain unchanged and would comprise four components: (i) scale up the preparation of community development plans to cover new communities in at least two new regions of Guinea-Bissau (Component 1); (ii) scale up the construction and rehabilitation of new community-based micro-projects benefitting additional individuals of whom at least half would be women (Component 2); and (iii) scale up Project coordination and monitoring and evaluation (Component 3). The proposed additional grant would also finance the salary of teachers (civil servants, pending civil servants, and contractors) and health workers (civil servants and pending civil servants) (Component 4). These component activities entail the following activities:
Strengthening capacity for project managementencompasses both project coordination and program monitoring. Project coordination will involve both an Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee (Comite Nacional de Piloltagem; CNP)for general oversight and programmatic direction and a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) for daily program implementation, including fiduciary control, operational management and monitoring. The project will also support the development and implementation of an M&E system, whose responsibilities will be shared between the PCU and the small regional project offices.
Community capacity building will strengthen the ability of communities to regularize their legal status and then to identify, plan and manage sub-projects in a transparent and participatory manner. The facilitators (Village Development Assistants; VDA) in each region will train, support and work directly with communities until they are able to apply successfully to the CDD investment fund and to implement their sub-projects.
Financing community development priorities is a keycomponent of the CDD program. The activities will be identified and selected directly by the communities, using guidelines and criteria designed to ensure sustainability over time and to maximize the impact on the beneficiary community, with particular emphasis on women. Where relevant, the project will seek community co-financing both in the initial investment phase (e.g., in-kind contribution of labor for construction costs) and in the running of any new social investments (e.g., payment of community teacher or health staff).
1.2.Project Sub-components likely to Trigger Involuntary Resettlement
Of the four components of the CDD project, only one component, component 2 will potentially support a wide range of initiatives (‘sub-projects’) that will trigger involuntary resettlement. These activities include:
i)small community infrastructure (e.g., wells, latrines, rural roads);
ii)economic infrastructure to support productive investments (e.g., livestock development, fish processing, palm oil production, dikes for community-wide agriculture, value-adding to farm production, trading);
iii)community-based health activities (e.g., distributing impregnated bed-nets, training community volunteers to combat malaria, distributing modern contraceptives and condoms, funding for patient referral to the first level health care facility [particularly for high-risk pregnancies], organizing a nutritional surveillance system);
iv)pre- and primary education (e.g., construction of one- and two-classroom schools, provision of learning materials)
v)Investments to assist Community Based Organizations (CBOs) to develop income-generating activities (e.g., training in organizational procedures and simple bookkeeping, information on markets, technical assistance in packaging, facilitation of access to consumer markets)
The Project will work in six regions of the country where the majority of the population live on less than $2US/day.
1.3.Socio-economic baseline of the project
Guinea-Bissau is one of the smallest and poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated population of 1.6 million inhabitants, ranking 176th out of 186 countries on the 2013 UNDP Human Development Index. Three-quarters of its population live in poverty and 45 percent in extreme poverty.[5] A multi-ethnic country, Balantas make up the largest ethnic group. Other prominent ethnic groups include the Fulas, Manjacos, Mandingas, Pepéis, Mancanhas, Beafadas, Sossos, Nalús. In terms of religion, people in coastal areas (Oio, Cacheu, Biombo, Quinara, Tombali, Bolama-Bijagos and Autnomous Sector of Bissau - SAB) are mostly Animists (traditional religions or fetish), while those of continental regions (Bafatá and Gabú) are predominantly Muslims. Christians are present in all the regions, but in smaller percentages. In view of its ethnic diversity, the country has a linguistic mosaic, with Creole spoken by more than 50% of the population, connecting the different ethnic groups. Portuguese is the country’s official language.
The population of Guinea Bissau lives almost exclusively from natural resources, principally agriculture and fisheries. Within agriculture, cashew is the dominant sector with 80% of the population involved in cashew production. Cashew nuts contribute 98% of the country’s export revenues. Outside Bissau, agriculture is the driving force of the national economy, the main source of revenues for the poorest 20% of the population. There are few economic opportunities for the rural population outside agriculture, or even outside of the production and processing of cashew nuts.
Per capita Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated at US$550. Since 2006 and despite the growth trend (between 1.5% and 4% per year), the GDP growth rate was barely enough to compensate for the population growth estimated at an average annual rate of 2.5%. Poverty rate among people living with US$ 2.0/daily increased from 64.7 percent in 2002 to 69.3 percent in 2010, while the rate of people living in extreme poverty (less than a dollar per day) increased from 20.8 to 33.0 percent during the same period (ILAP-2, January 2011). Chronic poverty is deep and entrenched with a higher incidence in rural areas, regionally estimated at 80.5% in Cacheu, 73% in Oio, 75.5% in Bafata, 65.5% Biombo, 78.5% in Tombali, 70.7% in Quinara (ILAP - 2 January 2011).
In almost all regions of Guinea-Bissau, the availability of basic social services and infrastructure is highly limited, as evidenced by the following facts: (i) net school enrolment rate is 53.5 % for boys and 36.3 girls , (ii) adult literacy rate 63.3% , (iii) only 38% of the children who suffer from ordinary malaria and 29 % from cases of acute malaria, receive appropriate treatment (iv) the mortality rate is 122 per 1,000 and (v) 95% of the population are forced to walk for 30 minutes on average to access drinking water. Key health indicators show a child mortality rate of 128 per 1000, while life expectancy at birth is 44 years. Only half the population has access to drinking water. The health situation is still dominated by high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS varies between 5 and 10% of adult population. Climate and sanitary conditions of the water and the environment, as well as the inadequate hygiene practices, are the causes of important infectious diseases, being at the origin of 9% of cases of general mortality and more than 50% of cases of infant mortality. In terms of sanitation, few investments have been made in both urban and rural areas (ILAP - 2 January 2011).
For the project, at the ethnographic point of view, the Bafatá Region is mainly inhabited by the Fulas and Mandingas; the Cacheu Region by Manjacos, Banhuns and Balantas; Oio Region by Mandingas, Balantas, Mansoncas and Fulas; the Region of Tombali by Balantas, Sossos and Nalús; Quinara Region by Beafadas and Balantas and finally the Biombo Region being mainly inhabited by Balantas and Papéis. The socio-economic activities concerning the regions covered by the project are dominated by agriculture, forestry, artisanal fishing (Cacheu, Oio, Quínara and Tombali), livestock rearing and trade (Bafatá) and artisanal fishing and agriculture (Biombo).
1.4.Why RAPs cannot be developed at this time
A fundamental premise of community-driven development projects is that the communities decide on and undertake the investments that are most needed at the local level. The community meets, discusses their development expectations, options and priorities, and selects specific investments from their menu of options. Since the exact nature and location of specific sub-projects cannot be known before the communities have met and defined their investment programs, it is not possible to define any RAPs before appraisal.
Nevertheless, the sectors where CDD projectmay invest are known, so it is possible to define general policy principles for the development of future RAPs. The primary purpose of this Resettlement Policy Framework is to define those principles so, when this policy applies, local groups, in consultation and collaboration with project officials, can develop and implement their RAPs prior to starting to implement the local investment program under the CDD project.[6]
1.5.Results of the public consultation
In terms of consultations, the activities to be financed under Component 2 through the community base Micro-Projects (MPs), are not knownin advance. They will be selected by the communities on the basis of their individual community development plans and a negative list of ineligible MPs. The practical impact of each MP identified and prioritized by the communities through the development of a community development plan will be subject to public consultation before financing.