The Illinois Open 2007: Spite of the Long Knives
Playoff 1
UCLA & UCI (Buchanan, Buenaflor, Lai, Luo, Ngoon, Nguyen, Nuyujukian, Patel, Stephens, Turetzky, Ullal, Wynne)
Tossups
1. Like spiral galaxies, these objects obey a radial Lin-Shu dispersion relation, which can be used to model their response to a seasonal electrostatic field. These include features named for Keeler and Colomob. The Roché limit was derived during an attempt to explain them and an early paper of Maxwell’s deduced their structure. Other features in them are named for Pan and Atlas, which are known as shepherds and cause the Enke gap. D, C, A, B, F, G, and E are, in order from least to greatest diameter, the primary ones thus far officially named. First observed by Galileo, as they are too faint to be seen by the naked eye, they were not recognized as the structure they are until Christian Huygens. Cassini soon afterward noted his famed gap in them. For ten points, identify these structures found around the 6th planet of our solar system.
ANSWER: Saturn’s rings
2. She was a founding vice-president of the ACLU in the midst of her political career. After her career, she continued to be an ardent pacifist and led a namesake “brigade” to Capitol Hill to protest the Vietnam War. Her passion for the treatment of women helped her home state of Montana grant woman’s suffrage in 1914, six years before the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. For ten points, name this member of Congress, the only member to vote against the United States entering both the First and Second World War.
ANSWER: Jeanette Rankin
3. One character in this novel notes that urban populations cannot handle cream-heavy milk, and that farm machinery has corrupted the purity of hand-pumped milk. Another character can be seen consulting the Compleat Fortune-Teller instead of the Bible, and stating, prior to her arrest, that she is “at home” when she rests at Stonehenge. Cuthbert is engaged to Mercy Chant, because one protagonist decides to marry a woman earlier seduced by the son of Simon Stokes. The couple met at Talbothays Dairy. Another episode in this novel involves the title character stabbing Alec, causing her to be hanged. The titular character marries Angel Clare, who is unaware of her pregnancy with her son Sorrow. For ten points, name this work about “A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented,” by Thomas Hardy.
ANSWER: Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented
4. Nursed by Lucina, he had two offsprings, a founder of Cyprian Golgi and a founder of Beroea in Thrace, Golgos and Beroe. His cult is centered at Byblus, and his birth came about because Cenchreis over-indulged the beauty of her daughter Smyrna, who had sex with her dad Cinyras before turning into a myrrh tree. Sometimes taken to be the father of Priapus, Apollo may have had a hand in his death as revenge for the blinding of Erymantheus, while a story appears in Hippolytus that makes Artemis his killer. After he was found in a chest, Zeus decreed that Calliope make a judgement, which allowed him to spend part of his life with Persephone, and he was killed by a boar. For ten points, name this attractive young lover of Aphrodite.
ANSWER: Adonis
5. One character in this work waxes philosophical in “Vecchia zimarra,” while another is made fun of in and just after the waltz “Quando me’n vo.” A crucial early scene in this work finds a seamstress seeking a lost key, which prompts her interlocutor to warm her with "Che gelida manina." Besides the aforementioned Colline and Alcindoro, this opera’s characters include Parpignol, who is selling toys near the Café Momus. A 1946 NBC Symphony recording makes this the only opera by its composer to have a recording by its original conductor. Though a work based on the story of Murger was written by Leoncavallo, his version focuses on Marcello and Musetta, rather than on Rodolfo’s love for Mimi, who is eventually killed by tuberculosis. For ten points, name this opera by Giacomo Puccini about Parisian youths.
ANSWER: La bohème or The Bohemians
6. At one point he removes a bullet from the space between his collar and his neck, but of those bullets he later says, “God help me, I cannot dodge them all!” This character is deceived when he tries to pass on information; he confuses a Confederate for a Union solider. He claims that it is “not fair” for him to be shot for committing a crime approximately thirty miles from his house, in which he attempts to set a fire to an important structure in order to keep the opposing from repairing the railroad. This character is thirty-five, with a “moustache and pointed beard, but no whiskers” and large, dark gray eyes. He later finds that he is not shot but hanged from the title structure in the story in which he appears. For ten points, name this character, the protagonist of an Ambrose Bierce short story, “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.”
ANSWER: Peyton Farquhar (accept either)
7. This chemical complexes with the analog of 2-carbboxyarabinitol called CABP, which activates it so that its loop 6 domains tighten. It is primed by an activase that allows the formation of its critical carbamate site, and magnesium two plus ions are required for its activity. In cyanobacteria, it consists of an L chain and an S chain, and its substrate binding sites are found in the L-chain dimers. At high temperatures, it can react with oxygen, but it usually catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide, a key step in the Calvin-Benson cycle, and thus is often the rate-limiting factor for photosynthesis in plants. For ten points, name this enzyme that comprises about twenty percent of all the protein in plant leaves.
ANSWER: ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
8. Its main island groups include Vava’u and Ha’apai, and its highest point is located on Kao Island, 1,033 meters high. Cyclone season in this nation stretches from October to May, while volcanic activity is limited to the island of Fonuafo'ou. 39 of its 169 islands are inhabited, and though agricultural exports make up a large part of its economy, much of its food must be imported from New Zealand. The only monarchy in the Pacific, it is currently ruled by King George Tupou V and enjoys a literacy rate of almost 99%. For ten points, identify this nation with capital Nuku’alofa, once known to explorers as “The Friendly Islands.”
ANSWER: Tonga
9. The former namesake of an island that lies 46 miles west of Antigua, this man is depicted on an oil panel by Heironymus Bosch now housed in Rotterdam. Also known as Offero in the Roman Catholic Church, he is said to have lived in the third century in Lycia under the reign of the Roman emperor Decius. As one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers he was invoked against the bubonic plague. His status was de-canonized by the Vatican in 1969 but his feast day was July 25. He complained of the weight of a child he was carrying across the river, and was told to bear the weight of Jesus. For ten points, name this martyr whose emblems are the tree and the staff, the Catholic patron saint of travelers.
ANSWER: Saint Christopher
10. This singer appeared in a duet with André 3000 in Outkast’s Speakerboxxx/The Love Below and has also collaborated with other notable artists including the Foo Fighters and Herbie Hancock. She was named one of Time Magazine’s most influential people in 2004 and her debut album is the second highest selling album of the current decade. Her subsequent albums,Feels Like HomeandNot Too Latealso had great success and both debuted at number one. She has won eight Grammy Awards to date, including winning the “Record of the Year” and “Best Female Pop Vocal Performance” awards twice, in 2003 and 2005. For ten points, name this American singer-songwriter who is the daughter of sitar virtuoso, Ravi Shankar.
ANSWER: Geethali Norah Jones Shankar
11. He imposed Episcopalian worship in the Old South Meeting house, and enforced the Navigation acts in his second tenure. After being put on trial, he was released and subsequently served as governor of Virginia. His support of James II won him the post he is most famous for, and following the Glorious Revolution, he attempted to flee Boston in women’s clothing but was exposed by the boots that showed beneath his dress. For ten points, name this governor of the Dominion of New England who angered locals with his support of the Navigation Acts.
ANSWER: Sir Edmund Andros
12. Against its author’s wishes, this work was published posthumously by Max Brod. In this novel, the narrator is unable to tell two men apart, and calls both of them Arthur. Those men, Arthur and Jeremiah, introduce themselves as the old assistants, a lie spotted by the narrator. At the end of the first edition of this novel, the narrator’s love interest leaves him, but after the last eighty pages were added, it concludes with a criticism of the landlady. The schoolmaster of a local institution offers the narrator of this novel a job as a janitor. Centering on a narrator with an interest in the barmaid Frieda, for ten points, name this novel about K. by Franz Kafka.
ANSWER: The Castle
13. He studied with Adam von Trott zu Solz while at Germany. Following opposition to his election to the national congress, he formed his own political party, the Forward Bloc. Put under house arrest, he escaped and fled to Germany. He was later transferred by submarine to Japan, who sent him to Singapore. After arriving, he formed the Indian National Army and led them into battle against the British in Northeastern India. He died in August 1945 in Taiwan, and is remembered as Netaji, or “Respected Leader.” For ten points, name this Indian revolutionary who shares his last name with a prominent Indian physicist.
ANSWER: Subhas Chandra Bose
14. Sommerfeld’s formula computes these via a complex integral; they can also be defined by Poisson’s formula, the Anger function, and the Catalan integral. Setting n equals zero in the differential equation to which they form a basis of solutions results in the indicial equation once the method of Frobenius is used. The Rayleigh function is the sum of the zeroes of these. The one of order zero is given by the infinite sum from m equals zero to infinity of (x over 2) to the 2m power times negative one to the m power times m factorial squared. For ten points, name this group of functions important in problems with cylindrical symmetry, usually denoted J sub nu of x and named after a German mathematician.
ANSWER: Bessel functions of the first kind
15. One the left side of this work, a scowling man is writing in a book, and in the upper right, two people in the shadows are observing the focus. Above that person, many near-identical figures can be observed in the observation gallery. Unsurprisingly, they’re observing the focus of this painting. In this painting, a black dressed woman with graying hair in the bottom-left corner shields her eyes from the scene in front of her by placing her arm across her face. A dissection subject is lying on the table, and its leg is discolored because of a femoral infection, various metallic instruments poking at it, and blood spewing from it. The titular character is seen turning to his team with a scalpel in a bloodied hand, possibly to instruct the surgeons what to do next. For ten points, name this 1875 American painting that depicts a man receiving an operation in front of an amphitheater of students, masterpiece of Thomas Eakins.
ANSWER: “The Gross Clinic”
16. J. R. Rainey recommends the rotation matrix method instead over this device for calculating the dihedral angles of a Ramachandran plot. It allows one to distinguish between syn- and gauche- conformations by putting one’s “eye” in line with the central bond of the Lewis structure; that bond is always between two sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. Unlike the sawhorse representation, which views a carbon-carbon bond from an oblique angle, it puts molecules in eclipsed and staggered positions. For ten points, name this formalism that represents the back carbon by a circle, a projection introduced by its namesake Ohio State chemist.
ANSWER: Newman projection
17. He gave the ferry of Saltash to William Lenche, a soldier who fought for him and lost an eye. He asked for and received absolution from Pope Innocent IV so that he could marry his cousin. His last military action of note was at the siege of Limoges, after which illness forced him to return to England, leaving the war in France to his brother. He won at Najera, as well as against Philip VI south of Poissy, and later against John II near the thickets on Le Passage. For ten points, name this eldest son of Edward III who won victories at Crecy and Poitiers, often given a colorful nickname.
ANSWER: Edward the Black Prince; or Edward of Woodstock
18. In one work of this genre, the goddess of Mercy cures a pox-stricken poor blind man after he mends his unrightful questioning of his wife's fidelity by jumping off a cliff. Another work of this genre contains a famous scene in which Oshichi climbs a fire tower. The gidayu keeps a kendai, while the omozukai manipulates the kashira with the help of the hidarizukai and ashizukai. Works like Miracle at Tsubosaka Kannon Temple and One Thousand Cherry Trees use two hooded ningyozukai in addition to the leader, and works by its most famous exponent include The Battles of Coxinga and Love Suicides at Amijima. For ten points, name this genre of plays written a lot by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, a form of Japanese puppet theatre.
ANSWER: bunraku
19. In one of his works, he criticized the notion of space, saying it represents our tendency to think of the world as divided into neatly defined, disparate, solid objects, when in reality it is more like a vast ocean, and thus he also dismissed fields derived from notions of space and separateness, especially geometry. He proposed intelligence and intuition as the titular entities in his The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, and praised what he regarded as memory in the truest sense, as bringing the past to life and making it one with the present. In addition to An Introduction to Metaphysics and On Laughter, he wrote an essay on the immediate data of consciousness, Free Will. Positing his most famous concept as an endurance of the life creating impulse, for ten points, name this author of Time and Free Will, who argued evolution is a creative process in Creative Evolution, and posited the elan vital.