Chapter05: Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Theory

  1. The concept of the phenomenal field refers to all of the following except which one?

a)the space of perceptions that makes up our experience

b)a subjectiveconstruction of us and the world around us

c)ones’ inner world of personal needs, goals, and beliefs

d)an objective recording of what is happening to us and others

Ans: d

  1. According to Rogers, feelings of inauthenticity result from our need to ______.

a)please others

b)try new things

c)explore

d)make mistakes

Ans: a

  1. A phenomenological approach is one that investigates ______experiences.

a)unconscious

b)abnormal

c)surprising

d)conscious

Ans: d

  1. In Rogers’s phenomenological theory, the key structural concept is that of the ______

a)ego

b)self

c)Q-sort

d)Conscience

Ans: b

  1. If you were to ask someone what she hoped to do with her psychology degree once she graduated, you would, in a sense, be measuring the Rogerian concept of the ______.

a)possible self

b)ideal self

c)future self

d)real self

Ans: b

  1. The Q-sort can be described as a measure that is fixed ______flexible.

a)and not

b)but also

c)and never

d)but not

Ans: b

  1. The semantic differential can be described as a measure that is fixed ______flexible.

a)and not

b)but also

c)and never

d)but not

Ans: b

  1. The concept of ______refers, among other things, to an organism’s tendency to grow from a simple entity to a complex one.

a)self-actualization

b)ideal self

c)actual self

d)phenomenology

Ans: a

  1. According to Rogers, individuals seek ______between self and experience.

a)congruence

b)conflict

c)incongruence

d)happiness

Ans: a

  1. According to Rogers, anxiety is the result of inconsistency between

a)self and experience

b)what we say and what we feel

c)our thoughts and our actions

d)all of the above

Ans: d

  1. Rogers’s subceptionis most similar to Freud’s concept of ______.

a)anxiety

b)defense

c)ego

d)conscious

Ans: b

  1. Research by Aronson and Mettee (1968) was supportive of the Rogerian notion that ______.

a)individuals are driven by consistency needs

b)individuals are driven by inconsistency needs

c)individuals are driven by the need to find pleasure

d)individuals are driven by the need to avoid pain

Ans: a

  1. Heimpel, Wood, Marshall, and Brown’s (2002) findings indicated that when given the choice, individuals prefer ______over ______.

a)positive mood; consistency

b)positive mood; inconsistency

c)consistency; positive mood

d)consistency; self-esteem

Ans: c

  1. Rogers noted that individuals can become so consumed with the need for ______that they can lose touch with their own values

a)positive regard

b)conditions of worth

c)consistency

d)congruence

Ans: a

  1. To Rogers, the major developmental concern is whether the child is free to self-actualize, or whether ______cause(s) the child to become defensive.

a)positive regard

b)conditions of worth

c)consistency

d)congruence

Ans: b

  1. In Coopersmith’s (1967) research on the origins of self-esteem that three factors influenced a child sense of self-worth. Which of the following was not one of them?

a)degree of acceptance, interest, affection, and warmth expressed toward the child

b)whether parenting was primarily done by the mother or by the father

c)whether parents established and enforced clear demands for appropriate behavior

d)whether parenting style was democratic or dictatorial

Ans: b