TEST / 1
DATE / Monday 15th August 2005
TIME / 11:40 – 13:10
VENUE / M120
MARKS / 65
1. Fill in the missing word in this flow diagram representing the sequence of events leading up to infiltrative cervical carcinoma:
metaplasia _____?____ CIN I CIN II CIN III (1)
2. What is the aetiology behind the overt atrophy found in anorexia nervosa? (1)
3. A 26 year old male patient with a previous (age 16) diagnosis of small carcinoma of the lung arrives at the emergency room of the hospital with a badly fractured radius and ulna. When asked about the break he told the officer on duty that his arm broke as he climbed out of bed that morning. X-ray examination reveals a large mass in the area of the fracture.
3.1 What is the clinical term for such a fracture? (1)
3.2 What is the probable pathogenesis? (2)
4. Outline the stages of apoptosis. (8)
5. What is the macroscopic / gross description of caseous necrosis? (1)
6. A cerebral infarct is a classical example of what type of necrosis? (1)
7. Briefly state the regional differences (location) in fatty change of the liver caused by:
7. 1 Lack of oxygen e.g. cardiac failure (1)
7.2 Poison / Toxins (1)
8. List three (3) causes of atrophy. (3)
9. What are the classical signs of acute inflammation? (5)
10. Describe the essential cellular / histological changes associated with CHRONIC
INFLAMMATION. (10)
11. What is dystrophic calcification and give an example? (2)
12. What is the difference between a granuloma and granulation tissue? (2)
13. Is the following statement true or false?
“ Fatty change of the liver occurs in the beginning stages of damage to the liver by alcohol – it is reversible once the patient stops drinking”
(1)
14. What feature of cell necrosis determines the outcome of healing in solid epithelial organs? (1)
15. Give detailed explanation of the process of FIBROSIS and make sure to put into the context of healing. (14)
Answer the following questions by referring to the data projector images:
16. What cellular adaptation is demonstrated here and give a cause? (2)
17. Name the type of necrosis visible. (1)
18. Name the type of necrosis and its specific location. (2)
19. What process of acute inflammation is being shown here as indicated by the ARROW? (1)
20. Name the pathology. (1)
21. What is the essential difference between these two forms of gangrene? (1)
22. This MRI shows an abscess in the organ on the left side of this patient.
What is the type of necrosis and name the organ? (2)
Total [65]
17) The following questions apply to the corresponding image. (10)