MODERN WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 1 – The Protestant Reformation
* Bold print denotes a term not in the text.
1-3 (A) / 1-3 (B) / 1-4 (A) / 1-4 (B)Alexander VI / Protestant / Huldrych Zwingli / Marguerite of Navarre
John Wycliffe / Protestantism / John Calvin / Katherina von Bora
Jan Huss / Peace of Augsburg / Institutes of the
Christian Religion / Catholic Reformation
Martin Luther / Henry VIII / Predestination / Ignatius of Loyola
Johann Tetzel / Catherine of Aragon / Calvinism / Spiritual Exercises
St. Peter’s Basilica / Annul / “elect” / Jesuits
Indulgence / Reformation
Parliament / Theocracy / Paul III
Reformation / Anne Boleyn / John Knox / Inquisition
Leo X / Act of Supremacy / Presbyters / Council of Trent
Excommunication / Thomas More / Presbyterians / Paul IV
Charles V / Jane Seymour / Huguenots / Index of Forbidden
Books
Edict of Worms / Edward VI / St. Bartholomew’s
Day Massacre / Francis Xavier
Heretic / Elizabeth I / Anabaptists / Matteo Ricci
Frederick the Wise / Mary I
Lutherans / Anglicanism
Peasant Revolt 1524
1-3 (A)
1. ______: religious thinker and reformer. He initiated a religious movement based on the ideas of John Wycliffe. He taught that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders did. The Catholic Church did not condone his actions, and he was excommunicated in 1411, condemned by the Council of Constance, and burned at the stake.
2. ______: Holy Roman Emperor, also a devout Catholic, who opposed Luther’s teaching. He summoned Luther to the town of Worms in 1521 to stand trial for heresy.
3. ______: a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther.
4. ______: the largest Roman Catholic church in the world.
5. ______: issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements. He is also who began the sale of Church offices and indulgences as a way to pay for St. Peter’s Basilica.
6. ______: an imperial order that declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic. According to this, no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. All his books were to be burned.
7. ______: a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope’s authority.
8. ______: admitted that he had fathered several children. He was a perfect example of how many Renaissance popes were too busy pursuing worldly affairs to have much time for spiritual duties.
9. ______: German monk who was the founder of the Protestant Reformation. He wrote 95 Theses, or formal statements, attacking indulgences. On October 31, 1517, he posted these statements on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate him.
10. ______: is a person who holds beliefs that differ from official Church teachings.
11. ______: is the taking away of a person’s right to membership in the Church.
12. ______: a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.
13. ______: disobeyed the Holy Roman Emperor, and for almost a year after the trial, sheltered Luther in one of his castles. While there, Luther translated the New Testament into German.
14. ______: English clergyman who advocated Church reform. He denied that the pope had the right to worldly power. He made an English translation of the Bible in one complete edition and is considered a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation.
15. ______: time when bands of angry peasants went about the countryside raiding monasteries, pillaging, and burning – demanding an end to serfdom. Luther, although horrified by the rioting, wrote a pamphlet urging the German princes to show the peasants no mercy. The princes’ armies crushed the revolt, killing as many as 100,000 people.
16. ______: German friar who was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome by selling indulgences. Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s right to judge. Unfortunately, he gave people the impression that by buying indulgences, they could buy their way into heaven.
1-3 (B)
1. ______: English king who got into a serious quarrel with the pope over succession to the throne. He broke ties with the Catholic Church and established his own state religion.
2. ______: Henry VIII’s third wife; the mother of Edward who dies due to complications from the delivery.
3. ______: a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.
4. ______: English queen who, in order to unite her people, made the English Church Protestant with Catholic features. By taking this moderate approach, she brought a level of religious peace to England.
5. ______: called into session in 1529, and asked it to pass a set of laws that ended the pope’s power in England.
6. ______: called on people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting the king/queen, not the pope, as the official head of England’s Church.
7. ______: second wife of Henry VIII whose marriage sparked a huge fight between Henry and the Church; mother of Elizabeth I; was beheaded for treason.
8. ______: is a branch of Christianity. It developed out of the Reformation, the 16th-century protest in Europe against beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.
9. ______: became king when he was just nine years old. Too young to rule alone, he was guided by adult advisers. Almost constantly in ill health, he reigned for just six years.
10. ______: first wife of Henry VIII; mother of Mary I.
11. ______: the archbishop of Canterbury, who said, he would not accept the terms of the Act of Supremacy and refused to take the oath. In response, Henry VIII had him arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1535, he was found guilty of high treason and executed.
12. ______: Began ruling in 1553, after the death of her brother. She was a Catholic who returned the EnglishChurch to the rule of the pope. Her efforts met with considerable resistance, and she had many Protestants executed by burning them at the stake.
13. ______: a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.
14. ______: to cancel or put an end to.
15. ______: relating to the Church of England.
1-4 (A)
1. ______: another name for elders.
2. ______: religious reformer who published Institutes of the Christian Religion, and proclaimed the doctrine of predestination.
3. ______: the violent religious clash that took place in Paris on August 24, 1572. At dawn, Catholic mobs began hunting for Protestants and murdering them. The slaughter spread to other cities and lasted six months. Scholars believe that as many as 12,000 Huguenots were killed.
4. ______: Scottish preacher who was a follower of John Calvin. When he returned to
Scotland in 1559, he put Calvin’s ideas to work. Each community church was governed by a group of laymen called elders.
5. ______: a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.
6. ______: in the Reformation, a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state.
7. ______: Religious reformer in Switzerland. He was influenced both by the Christian humanism of Erasmus and by the reforms of Luther. He called for a return to the more personal faith of early Christianity. He also wanted believers to have more control over the Church. He wanted to completely break from the Catholic Church and create a theocracy in Zurich.
8. ______: a government controlled by religious leaders.
9. ______: Calvin’s followers. They are also known as French Protestants.
10. ______: the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved.
11. ______: a member of a Protestant church governed by elders and founded on the teachings of John Knox.
12. ______: According to Calvin, these were the people who God had chosen to save.
13. ______: expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature. It was a summary of Protestant theology or religious beliefs.
1-4 (B)
1. ______: Spanish noble who gave up his easy life to serve God. He is the founder of the Society of Jesus in 1521.
2. ______: one of the famous Jesuit missionaries of the 1500s who worked in India and Japan.
3. ______: Luther’s wife who had six children, managed the family finances, fed all who visited their house, and supported her husband’s work. She respected Luther’s position but argued with him about woman’s equal role in marriage.
4. ______: pope (1534-1549) who directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other abuses in the Church, approved the Jesuit order, used the Inquisition to seek out heresy in papal territory, and most important, he called a council of Church leaders to meet in Trent, in northern Italy.
5. ______: First published in 1948, this list contained any books deemed unsuitable for Catholics to own or read. The penalty for reading or owning an item listed was excommunication.
6. ______: a Church court, based in Italy, created to find, try and judge heretics – especially Protestants.
7. ______: members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
8. ______: a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation.
9. ______: a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.
10. ______: famous Jesuit missionary who worked in China during the 1500’s.
11. ______: Loyola’s book that laid out a day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study.
12. ______: Pope who vigorously carried out the Council of Trent’s decrees. In 1559, he had officials draw up a list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith.
13. ______: the sister of French King Francis I, who protected John Calvin from being executed for his beliefs while he lived in France.
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