16
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
Forty-seventh session
Vienna, 15-22 March 2004
Item 6 of the provisional agenda[(]
Illicit drug traffic and supply

International assistance to the States affected by the transit of illicit drugs

Report of the Executive Director

Contents

Paragraphs / Page
I.  Introduction / 1 / 2
II. Africa / 2-14 / 2
III.  Asia and the Pacific / 15-20 / 4
IV.  Central and Eastern Europe / 21-29 / 5
V. Central Asia / 30-60 / 7
VI.  Latin America and the Caribbean / 61-71 / 13
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I. Introduction

1.  The present report has been prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Council resolution 2003/XX of 22 July 2003, entitled “International assistance to the States affected by the transit of illicit drugs”. The aim of the strategy of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is to assist transit States in the upgrading of legislation and judicial procedures; the strengthening of the technical skills of law enforcement agencies; the improving of data collection by national agencies to support informed responses to combat illicit drug trafficking and the problems associated with it; the provision of equipment to front-line operations; and the strengthening of cross-border and regional cooperation and assistance to develop self-sustaining training in the best operating practices for government law enforcement services.

II. Africa

2.  In Africa, several new initiatives have been launched by African Governments and regional organizations with the support of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and other partners. The initiatives are aimed at strengthening national and regional law enforcement capacities.

3.  The inaugural session of the African Union, held in Durban, South Africa, from 8 to 10 July 2002, adopted the Declaration and Plan of Action on Drug Abuse Control and Illicit Drug Trafficking in Africa, which was later renamed the Plan of Action on Drug Control in Africa, 2002-2006. The Declaration benefited from earlier support and technical guidance from the Office on Drugs and Crime and the revised Plan of Action reflects emerging drug trends on the continent and focuses on key drug control areas, including (a) information, research and networking; (b) legal systems and implementation of the law; (c) national and regional law enforcement and control measures; and (d) international cooperation. It also introduced two new dimensions to drug control in Africa: (a) the mainstreaming of drug control in political agenda in Africa and (b) the introduction of monitoring and review mechanisms in the implementation of the Plan of Action.

4.  In 2003, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime launched an Africa-wide project to support the Plan of Action. A new liaison office established by the Office in Addis Ababa in August 2003 will work to maintain close cooperation between the Office and the Unit for Drug Control and Crime Prevention of the African Union. It will offer expertise, advisory services and financial support for the implementation of the Plan of Action. The project is to strengthen the commitment and capacity of Governments of African countries, other African partners, regional organizations and United Nations entities to address the drug problems of the continent.

5.  A regional law enforcement adviser was recruited in late 2002 as part of a continent-wide project to offer Governments of African countries advisory services and assistance in developing capacities in drug law enforcement and countering organized crime.

6.  In partnership with the Government of Nigeria, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has launched a project to support the creation of a regional law enforcement training academy in West Africa. The Government of Nigeria has offered to establish the training academy within the existing premises of the Training Academy of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency of Nigeria. Significant government resources have already been invested in the renovation and upgrading of the Academy. The project will offer support to the subregion in the areas of training in drug law enforcement, the investigation of money-laundering, drug demand reduction, the establishment of networks and the facilitation of exchanges of strategic information among law enforcement agencies in the subregion.

7.  In August 2002, the Southern African Development Community and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime held a regional conference on the Strategic Programme Framework on Crime and Drugs for Southern Africa to identify programme needs and resources. The conclusions of the conference contributed to the formulation of the Office’s 2003 strategic programme framework on crime and drugs for Southern Africa.

8.  In collaboration with the Customs Co-operation Council (also called the World Customs Organization), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has launched a regional seaport project, which has led to the creation of specialized, joint port control teams in several ports of East and Southern Africa, including at Djibouti, Dar es Salaam, Mombassa, Durban, Cape Town, Port Elisabeth, Johannesburg dry port and Port Louis. In some cases, the creation of the joint teams marked breakthroughs in national law enforcement agency cooperation and also paved the way for concluding similar inter-agency agreements at other border posts.

9.  The project of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on Countermeasures against Illicit Drug Trafficking and Cross-Border Crime along Southern and East African Land Borders, which commenced in 2002, continued to be implemented as planned. The project provides expert advisory services, training and logistical support to six border posts in Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia.

10.  In East Africa, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime is engaged in a regional project addressing the control of licit drugs and precursors. In 2003, the project continued to assist Governments of counties in the region in developing, training and equipping national drug regulatory authorities, thereby enhancing supervision and control of the licit supply and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Needs assessments were carried out in Burundi, Eritrea, Madagascar and the United Republic of Tanzania. Guidelines for estimating licit drug requirements are being finalized. In 2003, the United Republic of Tanzania revised its licit drug legislation and Madagascar enacted relevant provisions for the control of precursors and adopted a national drug control master plan.

11.  The training of judges, magistrates, prosecutors and investigators from 19countries in East and Southern Africa continued under a regional legal assistance project launched by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to improve the handling of drug-related cases. The project provides training and the transfer of knowledge related to national drug control legislation and the legal and procedural prerequisites for more effective international cooperation. It aims at improving cross-border casework cooperation and performance; enhancing more effective and frequent cooperation in matters of international requests for mutual legal assistance; improving national trial and conviction rates for serious drug offences; enhancing current court systems and capacities through a legal training programme; and establishing a sustainable training capacity in the subregions through the use of training facilities.

12.  A regional drug demand reduction project launched by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, aimed at enhancing the capacity of Governments and non-governmental organizations in East Africa, continued to provide training on drug demand reduction to police, prison and probation staff in East Africa and to promote collaboration between the criminal justice system and the health and social services in dealing with drug abusers.

13.  In North Africa, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime launched a project on strengthening the national and legal institutional capacities of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya through multisectoral drug control assistance. The project aims to increase the drug control planning and policy formulation capacity in that country. Similar policy development support projects were developed for Algeria and the Sudan.

14.  The project of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on the development of an action programme against illicit drugs and organized crime in Morocco commenced delivery in 2003. The project will assist the Moroccan authorities in designing drug control policies with a view to addressing the problem of illicit cultivation of cannabis in northern Morocco.

III. Asia and the Pacific

15.  The Office has addressed assistance to transit States in Asia and the Pacific by developing drug control agreements and a framework of subregional activities. There has been a high level of demand from Member States for technical assistance.

16.  Within the framework of the subregional action plan agreed upon in the 1993memorandum of understanding on drug control between the countries in the Mekong area (Cambodia, China, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Office has continued to play a coordinating role in the field of drug control. That has included providing technical assistance in the formulation and implementation of subregional and national drug control projects, in close collaboration with other United Nations agencies, national and international institutions and non-governmental organizations. A ministerial meeting on drug control and cooperation was held in Hanoi in September 2003 to strengthen the cooperation and coordination between the six States that have signed the memorandum of understanding and to build upon recent achievements.

17.  Since 1999, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has had an ongoing programme to develop and strengthen cross-border cooperation between the sixsignatory States of the 1993 memorandum of understanding. To date, 24 border liaison offices have been established and basic equipment for communication and transportation provided. A large number of border liaison officers have been trained through the Office’s computer-based training programme. Agreement has been reached between the participating countries to develop an action plan and procedures for operational law enforcement cooperation to be followed in border areas. A second phase of the project has been approved and funding has been pledged for two more years. In the second phase, the focus will be on strengthening the drug control capacity along the Mekong, which is a major drug and precursor trafficking route. Activities will include the establishment of new border liaison offices and additional training.

18.  Within the objectives of the Association of South-East Asian Nations and China Cooperative Operations in Response to Dangerous Drugs (ACCORD) Plan of Action, the computer-based training programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime was expanded in the second phase to include Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Implementation has commenced. Furthermore, an existing project on precursor control, which commenced in 2001 and assists the six States that had signed the memorandum of understanding, has been extended to involve Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

19.  A memorandum of understanding was signed in July 2002 between the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, acting through its Department for International Development, to designate the Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Bangkok as the implementing agency for the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Anti-Money-Laundering Initiative. The project, which covers 10 Asian countries, is aimed at developing sustainable institutional capacity in Asia to address money-laundering concerns at the national, regional and international levels. A comprehensive needs analysis has been carried out in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. The project will focus on law enforcement training in the field of money-laundering.

20.  The topics of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) from Myanmar and the smuggling of the ATS precursors ephedrine and pseudoephedrine from China and India into Myanmar were discussed at a regional meeting attended by representatives from China, India and Myanmar and organized jointly by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Views and information were exchanged and representatives of the three countries agreed to work in closer cooperation and organize a joint training programme for law enforcement officers of India and Myanmar.

IV. Central and Eastern Europe

21.  The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has continued its close cooperation and coordination role with the drug control agencies throughout Central and Eastern Europe. The Office is working closely to strengthen cooperation with the Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation (CARDS) programme of the European Union operating in the western Balkans. The Paris Pact arising from the International Conference on Drug Routes from Central Asia to Europe, held in Paris on 21 and 22 May 2003, under which ministers from 55 States affected by the traffic in opium and heroin produced in Afghanistan and originating in Central and South-West Asia agreed to combine their States’ efforts to step up national capabilities and develop regional partnerships to tackle all the aspects of the problem, has focused regional and donor attention on the current manifestations of the threat and the countermeasures required. A region-specific Paris Pact round-table meeting on the Balkan route was held in Brussels in September 2003; another round-table meeting was held in October 2003 on the effects of the Afghanistan opium economy on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Paris Pact process in 2003 culminated in a senior policy-level consultative group meeting, which was held in Rome on 21 November 2003. Further meetings are planned for 2004.

22.  The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime completed a school-based prevention project in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The prevention materials used were designed to address the shortage of information tools in the Baltic States, where drug-related problems among youth have rapidly become a matter of serious concern. Country teams have developed materials for use by both students and teachers that have been positively received in classrooms. The project has been externally evaluated and found to be an exemplary model activity.

23.  A project on strengthening law enforcement capacities in Central Europe was concluded in August 2003 with a policy-level meeting hosted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Vienna. The five countries addressed by the project (the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Slovak Republic, Poland and Slovenia) concluded that it had been fully and successfully implemented.