Name______Date______Period______

Study Guide:

Chemistry of Biology

Part 1 Basic Chemistry:

-Know how to define and apply the following terms:

-element -ionic bond

-compound -covalent bond

-molecule -hydrogen bond

- ion -chemical formula

-acid -structural formula

-base -organic compound

-pH -inorganic compound

-neutralization reaction

questions:

a. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

b. Write the chemical formula for water then draw the structural formula for water.

c. What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic compound?

Give two examples of each.

d. What elements are found in the greatest percentages in living things?

e. Describe the pH scale. What is the range? What pH values are acidic, basic and neutral?

f. What happens to the pH if you mix equal amounts of a strong acid with a strong base?

g. When acids are mixed with water, what positive ion is produced?

h. When bases are mixed with water, what negative ion is produced?

i. What is the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule?

Part 2 Chemical Compounds of Life:

Know how to define and apply the following terms:

-Carbohydrates -Monosaccharides -Disaccharides -Polysaccharides

-Polymer -Monomer -Protein -Amino acid

-Lipid -Fatty acid -Glycerol -Unsaturated fat

-Saturated fat -Dehydration synthesis -Hydrolysis -Amylose

-Glycogen -Cellulose -Peptide bond -Polypeptide chain

-Glucose

Questions:

a. List three biological polymers and their monomers (building blocks).

b. What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

c. What polymers are involved in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

d. Give an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide?

e. What is the name of the edible starch found in plants (think potatoes)?

f. What is the name of the inedible starch found in plants (think wood)?

g. What is the name of the starch found in animals?

h. Match each structural component with the type of organic compound that it makes up.

A
B
C)
D)

E)

i. List as many functions as you can for the following:

-carbohydrates -proteins -lipids -nucleic acids

j. List and describe the important features of the four levels of protein structure.

Part 3: Enzymes (Organic Catalysts)

Know how to define and apply the following terms:

-enzyme -substrate -enzyme-substrate complex

-enzyme specificity -active site -activation energy

-enzyme action (activity) -denature -coenzyme

-catalyst

Questions: (know how to answer questions from enzyme worksheet!!)

-Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:

-Answer the following questions based on the graph below.

a. What is the optimum pH for gastric protease and lipase?

b. Why does enzyme activity decrease if the environmental conditions become too acidic or too basic?

c. Which of these enzymes is most likely to be found in the human stomach? Explain.

-Answer the following questions using the graph below:

a. Describe what happens to the reaction rate as the substrate concentration is increased?

b. Provide an explanation for this graph.

-Answer the following questions using the graph below:

a. Describe what happens to the reaction rate as the enzyme concentration is increased?

b. Provide an explanation for this graph.