RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGLORE, KARNATAKA.
SYNOPSIS
SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
TITLE OF THE TOPIC
“THE USE OF MODIFIED POWER ARM
[DISCOPENDER 468] FOR EFFICIENT ANTERIOR TEETH
RETRACTION.
A 3-DIMENISONAL FEM STUDY.”
GUIDE: DR.M.B.HALKATI M.D.S.
Professor and Head of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
Submitted by:
DR.SAYYAD AREF MAULANA
PG in Dept. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
AL-AMEEN DENTAL COLLEGE, BIJAPUR


RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGLORE, KARNATAKA.

ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS
(IN BLOCK LETTERS) /

DR.SAYYAD AREF MAULANA.

DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS.
AL-AMEEN DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BIJAPUR 586102
KARNATAKA.
2 /

NAME OF INSTITUTION

/ AL-AMEEN DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BIJAPUR 586102
KARNATAKA
3 / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / M.D.S. (MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY) IN ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS.
4 / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE / 30-05-20012
5 /

TITLE OF THE TOPIC

/ “ THE USE OF MODIFIED POWER ARM
[DISCOPENDER 468] FOR EFFICIENT ANTERIOR TEETH
RETRACTION.
3-DIMENISONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS.”

6.

/

BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK

/ 6.1. NEED FOR THE STUDY
The demand for speedy and efficient orthodontic treatment has been increasing in recent years. Control of anterior tooth movement is essential for the orthodontists to execute an individualized treatment plan. The use of power arms attached to the arch wire enables one to readily achieve controlled movement of anterior teeth. That is, the force system for the desired type of tooth movement such as lingual crown tipping, lingual root tipping, or bodily movement can be easily carried out by attaching various heights of power arm to the arch wire.
Many studies have been done which shows that placement of power arm to the arch wire between lateral incisor and canine enables orthodontists to maintain better control of anterior teeth movement2.
In the study, by Sia has inspired the development of crimpable hook with labially located vertical height disks [Discopender 468, biomaterials Korea]5.
The FEM has proved to be effective in simulating tooth movement and optimizing orthodontic mechanics.
Hence the study has been under taken to evaluate the efficiency of modified power arm [Discopender 468] for controlled anterior tooth retraction by using 3 dimensional finite element analysis.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

(1) SheauSoon Sia, Yoshiyuki Koga, Noriaki Yoshida [2007] 1 : Concluded the location of the centre of resistance regarding anterior tooth retraction with sliding mechanics, controlled crown-lingual tipping, bodily translation movement and controlled crown labial movement could be achieved by attaching a power arm length that was lower equivalent, or higher than the level of centre of resistance, respectively and also determined the power arm length could be the most easily modifiable for the direction of anterior tooth movement during retraction in sliding mechanics.
(2) Jun-ya Tominaga et al [2009]2Tried the power arm placement mesial to canine at the level of 0mm And 5.5mm, and exceeded more than 5.5mm and recommended placement of power arm of an arch wire between the central incisor and canine enables orthodontics to maintain better control of the anterior teeth movement.
(3) Seong-Hun Kim, Young-Suk Hwang, Andre Ferreira and Kyu-Rhim Chung [2009]3Analysed en-mass anterior teeth retraction with temporary skeletal anchorage devices and supported accomplishment of en-mass retraction of anterior teeth using TSAD’s as the only source of anchorage.
(4) SheauSoon Sia, Tatsunori Shibazaki, Yoshiyuki Koga,Noriaki Yoshida [2009]4Studied in angles Class II Division I malocclusion patient for initial tooth movement with sliding mechanics at various height of retraction forces using magnetic sensor devise and suggested that the correct height of retraction force on the power arm is the key for efficient anterior tooth retraction.
(5) Tomio Ikegami, Ricky Wing-Kit Wong, Urban Hagg, Wilson Lee and Kyoko-Hibino [2010] 5Recommended [Hybrid Orthodontic Treatment System [HOTS] by reducing treatment period and supported the use of variable heights, crimpable vertical hooks for anterior tooth movement during retraction.
(6) Su JH,Zhang DQ,Xu LY,Zhong PP.[2010]6 Did a 3Dfiniteelement analysis on center of resistance of upper anterior teeth.He investigated the location of center of resistance(CRe) of six upper anterior teeth.A three-dimensionalfiniteelement model of premaxillary bone and anterior teeth was established. A horizontalretractionforce of 150 g was applied bilaterally to the segment through hooks of 2 to 14 mm. The results of this study suggest that perpendicular location of center of resistance of six upper anterior teeth is about 14 mm gingivally to incisal edge of central incisor The displacements of teeth increased with the length of hook but their moving tendency remained unchanged.
(7) Ansari TA,Mascarenhas R,Husain A,Salim M.[2011]7 Evaluated the effectiveness of the power arm in bringing about bodily movement and to determine the ideal length and location of the power arm using finite element analysis.He constructed the geometric model of the maxillary right canine and subsequently converted to afiniteelement model. He found that The amount of bodily movement is maximum when the force is delivered directly at the cervical third. It decreases at the middle third and is least when attached at incisal third. Variations in length of the power arm at different sites of attachment did not bring any change in the outcome.
6.3 AIMS OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
To evaluate the use of modified power arm [Discopender 468] for efficient anteriorTeeth retraction by using 3 dimensional finite element analysis
7. /
MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA

CT scan images of maxilla of the patient of department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics,Al-Ameen dental college, Bijapur will be taken.

7.2. METHODS OF COLLECTION OF DATA

·  The 3D FEM model of maxilla and maxillary teeth will be established with the help of software.
·  ANSYS for Windows will be used to fuse the models of the maxilla and the maxillary teeth and analyze the results. Isotropic and linearly elastic behavior was assumed for all materials, and the mechanical properties were taken from previous studies. The boundary condition was defined as the exterior border of the maxilla.
·  In the FEM model extraction space of first premolar will be created , maxillary arch will be divided into 3 segments i.e. one anterior segment (mesial to extraction space) and two posterior segments (distal to extraction space-bilaterally)
·  A computer program was used to refine the geometric morphology and the 3D alignment of the teeth by manipulating key points. The corrected morphology and alignment of the tooth model can be visualized and inspected in the finite element program.
·  0.019X0.025 SS wire will be inserted in all 3 segments.
·  3D FEM model of discopender (modified power arm) will be constructed manually and attached to arch wire between lateral incisor and canine and mesial to molar bilaterally.
·  Mini implant will be placed between second premolar and first molar bilaterally for anchorage control
·  ANSYS for windows was used to fuse the model of maxilla with maxillary teeth,brackets,wire,discopender and mini implant
·  The retraction force of 150gm will be applied bilaterally from anterior discopender to the posterier discopender to evaluate the resultant tooth movements.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.
Yes, a CT scan of a human maxilla.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION?
YES
8. /

REFERENCES

1.  SheauSoon Sia, Yoshiyuki Koga, Noriaki Yoshida. Determining the centre of resistance of maxillary anterior teeth subjected to retraction forces in sliding mechanics. An in vivo study. Angle Orthod. 2007; 77(6):999-1003.
2.  Jun-ya Tominaga; Motohiro Tanaka; Yoshiyuki Koga; Carmen Gonzales; Masaru Kobayashi; Noriaki Yoshida. Optimal loading conditions for controlled movement of anterior teeth in sliding mechanics. A 3D finite element study. Angle Orthod. 2009 Nov; 79 (6):1102-1107.
3.  Seong-Hun Kim, Young-Suk Hwang, Andre Ferreira and Kyu- Rhim Chung. Analysis of temporary skeletal anchorage devices used for en-masse retraction: A preliminary study. Am J Orthod.
Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Aug; 136(2):268-276.
4.  SheauSoon Sia, Tatsunori Shibazaki, Yoshiyuki Koga, Noriaki Yoshida. Experimental determination of optimal force system required for control of anterior tooth movement in sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial orthop. 2009 Jan; 135(1): 36-41
5.  Tomio Ikegami, Ricky Wing-Kit Wong, Urban Hagg, Wilson Lee and Kyoko-Hibino. HOTS achieves a predictable treatment outcome with a shorter treatment time. World J Orthod. 2010; Summer; 11 (2):168-179
6.  Zhang DQ,Xu LY,Zhong PP.[3-Dfiniteelement analysis on center of resistance of upper anterior teeth]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue.2010 Oct;19(5):534-40
7.  Ansari TA,Mascarenhas R,Husain A,Salim M.Evaluation of the power arm in bringing about bodily movement usingfiniteelement analysis. Orthodontics(Chic.).2011 Winter;12(4):318-29.
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
NAME & DESIGNATION OF / (In Block Letters)
1.  GUIDE / DR.M.B.HALKATI M.D.S
PROFESSOR AND HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS,
AL-AMEEN DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BIJAPUR – 586102.
2.  SIGNATURE
3.  CO-GUIDE (IF ANY)
4.  SIGNATURE
5.  HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT / DR.M.B.HALKATI M.D.S
PROFESSOR AND HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS,
AL-AMEEN DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BIJAPUR – 586102.
6.  SIGNATURE
REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN & PRINCIPAL
SIGNATURE